C++ 结构体、联合体

结构体是特殊形态的类，与类的区别：
结构体的默认访问权限是public，也就是说当你创建数据成员的时候，默认是属于public类，
存在的主要原因：与C语言保持兼容。

//结构体 struct 学生信息
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Student {
	int num;
	string name;
	char sex;
	int age;
};

int main(){
	Student stu = {97001, "Lin Lin", 'F' , 19};
	cout << "Num: " << stu.num << endl;
	cout << "Name: " << stu.name << endl;
	cout << "Sex: " << stu.sex << endl;
	cout << "Age: " << stu.age << endl;
	return 0;
}

联合体中的成员是“互斥”的，不会同时有效，但优点是成语之间共用相同的内存单元.

示例

// 联合体

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class ExamInfo{
	private:
		string name;
		enum {GRADE, PASS, PERCENTAGE} mode; //三种不同的计分方式
		union { //都是指成绩
			char grade;
			bool pass;
			int percent;
		};
	public:
		ExamInfo(string name, char grade)
		: name(name),mode(GRADE),grade(grade){}
		ExamInfo(string name, bool pass)
		: name(name),mode(PASS),pass(pass){}
		ExamInfo(string name,int percent)
		: name(name),mode(PERCENTAGE),percent(percent){}
		void show();
};

void ExamInfo::show(){
	cout << name << ": ";
	switch (mode) {
		case GRADE: cout << grade; break;
		case PASS: cout << (pass ? "PASS" : "FAIL"); break;
		case PERCENTAGE: cout << percent; break;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main(){
	ExamInfo course1("English", 'B');
	ExamInfo course2("Calculus", true);
	ExamInfo course3("C++ Programming", 85);
	course1.show();
	course2.show();
	course3.show();
	return 0;
}