RabbitMQ死信队列

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已于 2022-04-12 22:19:53 修改

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分类专栏：消息中间件文章标签： rabbitmq Java

于 2022-04-12 07:42:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq2942713658/article/details/124114487

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1.概念

死信，就是无法被消费的消息，一般来说生产者将消息投递到broker或者直接到队列里了，消费者从队列取出消息进行消费，但某些时候由于特定的原因导致队列中的某些消息无法被消费，这样的消息如果没有后续的处理，就变成了死信，有死信自然就有死信队列。

2.应用场景

（1）为了保证订单业务的数据不丢失，需要使用到RabbitMQ的死信队列机制，当消息消费发生异常时，将消息投入死信队列中

（2）用户在商城下单成功并点击支付后，在指定时间内未支付将自动失效

3.死信来源

（1）消息TTL过期

（2）队列达到最大长度（队列满了，无法再添加数据到MQ中）

（3）消息被拒绝（basic.reject或basic.nack）并且requeue等于false

4.代码实现

（1）消息TTL过期

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class Producer {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        // 设置TTL时间，死信消息，单位毫秒ms，此处10秒
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
        for (int i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal", properties, message.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列
 * 消费者1
 */
public class Consumer01 {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    // 死信交换机名称
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
    // 普通队列名称
    private static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
    // 死信队列名称
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        // 声明普通交换机和死信交换机类型为direct
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        // 声明普通队列
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();

        // 正常队列设置死信交换机
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        // 设置死信routing key
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dead");

        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguments);
        // 声明死信队列
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定普通的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal");
        // 绑定死信的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "dead");

        System.out.println("等待接收消息");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是：" + new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8"));
        };
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, true,deliverCallback, consumerTag->{});
    }
}

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列
 * 消费者1
 */
public class Consumer02 {

    // 死信队列名称
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();


        System.out.println("等待接收消息");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            System.out.println("Consumer02接收的消息是：" + new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8"));
        };
        channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE, true,deliverCallback, consumerTag->{});
    }
}

执行效果：

先启动Consumer1，为了创建交换机及队列，然后关闭，然后启动生产者，然后消费者2

10秒之后

（2）队列达到最大长度

在消费者正常队列中设置最大长度

 arguments.put("x-max-length", 6);

完整代码

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列
 * 消费者1
 */
public class Consumer01Max {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    // 死信交换机名称
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
    // 普通队列名称
    private static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
    // 死信队列名称
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        // 声明普通交换机和死信交换机类型为direct
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        // 声明普通队列
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();

        // 正常队列设置死信交换机
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        // 设置死信routing key
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dead");
        // 设置正常队列长度的限制
        arguments.put("x-max-length", 6);

        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguments);
        // 声明死信队列
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定普通的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal");
        // 绑定死信的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "dead");

        System.out.println("等待接收消息");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是：" + new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8"));
        };
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, true,deliverCallback, consumerTag->{});
    }
}

生产者代码

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class ProducerMax {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        for (int i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal", null, message.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

效果：

（3）消息被拒绝

消费者

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列
 * 消费者1
 */
public class Consumer01Reject {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    // 死信交换机名称
    private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
    // 普通队列名称
    private static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
    // 死信队列名称
    private static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        // 声明普通交换机和死信交换机类型为direct
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        // 声明普通队列
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();

        // 正常队列设置死信交换机
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        // 设置死信routing key
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dead");

        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguments);
        // 声明死信队列
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);

        // 绑定普通的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal");
        // 绑定死信的队列和交换机
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "dead");

        System.out.println("等待接收消息");
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            if (msg.equals("info5")) {
                channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
                System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是：" + msg+ "此消息是被拒绝的");
            } else{
                System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是：" + msg);
                channel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }

        };
        // 开启手动应答
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, false,deliverCallback, consumerTag->{});
    }
}

生产者

package com.rabbitmq.eight;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.utils.MqUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class ProducerReject {
    // 普通交换机名称
    private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = MqUtils.getChannel();
        for (int i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "normal", null, message.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

删除之前的队列，演示效果如下，消费99条，进入死信队列1条