java枚举

枚举的作用介绍

1、枚举就是让某个类型的变量的取值只能为若干个固定值中的一个，否则，编译器报错。枚举可以让编译器在编译时就可以控制源程序中填写的非法值，普通变量的方式在开发阶段无法实现这一目标。

2、枚举就是一种特殊的类，其中的每个元素都是该类中的一个实例对象

用普通类模拟枚举的实现原理

1、私有的构造方法

2、每个元素分别用一个公有的静态成员变量表示

3、可以有若干个共有的方法或抽象方法。采用抽象方法定义nextDay就可将大量的if.else语句转移成一个个独立的类

WeekDay.java

public class WeekDay {
	private WeekDay(){}
	public final static WeekDay SUN = new WeekDay();
	public final static WeekDay MON = new WeekDay();

	public WeekDay nextDay(){
		if( this == SUN ){
			return MON;
		}else {
			return SUN;
		}
	}
	public String toString(){
		return this==SUN?"SUN":"MON";
	}
}

采用抽象方法：

public abstract class WeekDay {
	private WeekDay(){}
	public final static WeekDay SUN = new WeekDay(){

		@Override
		public WeekDay nextDay() {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return MON;
		}
		
	};
	public final static WeekDay MON = new WeekDay(){

		@Override
		public WeekDay nextDay() {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return SUN;
		}
		
	};

	public abstract WeekDay nextDay();
	public String toString(){
		return this==SUN?"SUN":"MON";
	}
}

EnumTest.java

public class EnumTest {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeekDay weekDay = WeekDay.MON;
		System.out.println(weekDay.nextDay());
	}
}

枚举的基本应用

public class EnumTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeekDay mon = WeekDay.MON;
        System.out.println(mon);//名称为MON
        System.out.println(mon.name());//名称为MON
        System.out.println(WeekDay.valueOf("SUN"));//字符串变为WeekDay对象，打印出SUN
        System.out.println(WeekDay.values().length);//7
    }
    public enum WeekDay{
        SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THI,FRI,SAT
    }
}

实现带有构造方法的枚举

public class EnumTest {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		WeekDay weekDay = WeekDay.MON;
	}
	public enum WeekDay{
		SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THI,FRI,SAT;
		private WeekDay() {
			System.out.println("first constructor");
		}
		private WeekDay(int day){
			System.out.println("second constructor");
		}
	}
}

结果：

first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor

因为枚举类的每个静态对象，在使用类的时候就会创建

若采用方式：SUN,MON(1),TUE,WED,THI,FRI,SAT，表示在创建MON元素的时候使用第二个构造器，结果：
first constructor
second constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor
first constructor

实现带有抽象方法的枚举

public class EnumTest {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		TrafficLamp trafficLamp = TrafficLamp.RED;
		System.out.println(trafficLamp.nextLamp());
	}
	public enum TrafficLamp{
        RED(30){
            public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
                return GREEN;
            }
        },GREEN(45){
            public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
                return YELLOW;
            }
        },YELLOW(5){
            public TrafficLamp nextLamp() {
                return RED;
            }
        };
        //抽象方法
        public abstract TrafficLamp nextLamp();
        private int time;
        private TrafficLamp(int time){
            this.time = time;
        }
	}
}

结果：

GREEN

枚举只有一个成员时，就可以做为一种单例的实现方式