CONNECT BY的使用说明！

Oracle “CONNECT BY” 使用

 

    Oracle “CONNECT BY”是层次查询子句，一般用于树状或者层次结果集的查询。其语法是：

 

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1

2

 

[ START WITH condition ]

CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition

The start with .. connect by clause can be used to select data that has a hierarchical relationship (usually some sort of parent->child (boss->employee or thing->parts).

 

说明：
1. START WITH：告诉系统以哪个节点作为根结点开始查找并构造结果集，该节点即为返回记录中的最高节点。
2. 当分层查询中存在上下层互为父子节点的情况时，会返回ORA-01436错误。此时，需要在connect by后面加上NOCYCLE关键字。同时，可用connect_by_iscycle伪列定位出存在互为父子循环的具体节点。 connect_by_iscycle必须要跟关键字NOCYCLE结合起来使用
 
 

    接下来，用一些示例来说明“CONNECT BY”的用法。

 

[例1]

创建一个部门表，这个表有三个字段，分别对应部门ID，部门名称，以及上级部门ID

 

 

-- Create table

create table DEP

(

  DEPID      number(10) not null,

  DEPNAME    varchar2(256),

  UPPERDEPID number(10)

)

;

初始化一些数据

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (0, '总经办', null);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (1, '开发部', 0);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (2, '测试部', 0);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (3, 'Sever开发部', 1);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (4, 'Client开发部', 1);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (5, 'TA测试部', 2);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> INSERT INTO DEP(DEPID, DEPNAME, UPPERDEPID) VALUES (6, '项目测试部', 2);

1 row inserted

 

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

 

SQL> SELECT * FROM DEP;

 

      DEPID DEPNAME                                                                           UPPERDEPID

----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

          0 General Deparment                                                               

          1 Development                                                                                0

          2 QA                                                                                         0

          3 Server Development                                                                         1

          4 Client Development                                                                         1

          5 TA                                                                                         2

          6 Porject QA                                                                                 2

 

7 rows selected

现在我要根据“CONNECT BY”来实现树状查询结果

 

 

SQL> SELECT RPAD( ' ', 2*(LEVEL-1), '-' ) || DEPNAME "DEPNAME",

CONNECT_BY_ROOT DEPNAME "ROOT",

CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF "ISLEAF",

LEVEL ,

SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(DEPNAME, '/') "PATH"

FROM DEP

START WITH UPPERDEPID IS NULL

CONNECT BY PRIOR DEPID = UPPERDEPID;

 

DEPNAME                        ROOT                    ISLEAF      LEVEL PATH

------------------------------ ------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Deparment              General Deparment            0          1 /General Deparment

 -Development                  General Deparment            0          2 /General Deparment/Development

 ---Server Development         General Deparment            1          3 /General Deparment/Development/Server Development

 ---Client Development         General Deparment            1          3 /General Deparment/Development/Client Development

 -QA                           General Deparment            0          2 /General Deparment/QA

 ---TA                         General Deparment            1          3 /General Deparment/QA/TA

 ---Porject QA                 General Deparment            1          3 /General Deparment/QA/Porject QA

                                                   

7 rows selected

 

说明：
1. CONNECT_BY_ROOT 返回当前节点的最顶端节点
2. CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF 判断是否为叶子节点，如果这个节点下面有子节点，则不为叶子节点
3. LEVEL 伪列表示节点深度
4. SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH函数显示详细路径，并用“/”分隔
 
[例2]

通过CONNECT BY生成序列

 

 

SQL> SELECT ROWNUM FROM DUAL CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 10;

 

    ROWNUM

----------

         1

         2

         3

         4

         5

         6

         7

         8

         9

        10

 

10 rows selected

[例3]

通过CONNECT BY用于十六进度转换为十进制

 

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_hex_to_dec(p_str IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    -- 对象名称: f_hex_to_dec

    -- 对象描述: 十六进制转换十进制

    -- 输入参数: p_str 十六进制字符串

    -- 返回结果: 十进制字符串

    -- 测试用例: SELECT f_hex_to_dec('78A') FROM dual;

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    v_return  VARCHAR2(4000);

  BEGIN

    SELECT SUM(DATA) INTO v_return

      FROM (SELECT (CASE upper(substr(p_str, rownum, 1))

                     WHEN 'A' THEN '10'

                     WHEN 'B' THEN '11'

                     WHEN 'C' THEN '12'

                     WHEN 'D' THEN '13'

                     WHEN 'E' THEN '14'

                     WHEN 'F' THEN '15'

                     ELSE substr(p_str, rownum, 1)

                   END) * power(16, length(p_str) - rownum) DATA

              FROM dual

            CONNECT BY rownum <= length(p_str));

    RETURN v_return;

  EXCEPTION

    WHEN OTHERS THEN

      RETURN NULL;

  END;

 

说明：

1. CONNECT BY rownum <= length(p_str))对输入的字符串进行逐个遍历

2. 通过CASE语句，来解析十六进制中的A-F对应的10进制值