Centos7.9 qemu-6.2.0 编译安装
操作系统版本
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
操作系统已安装KVM
yum安装kvm qemu版本：qemu-img version 1.5.3
已尝试在CentOS7.9编译安装：qemu-8.1.0.tar.xz 和 qemu-7.2.5.tar.xz 失败
qemu依赖版本要求
nettle >=3.4
Python >= 3.7
GCC >= v7.4
gnutls >=3.5.18
Ninja
在安装gnutls前，必须先安装nettle。
gnutls-3.8.1对应需要先安装nettle-3.6此版本
安装qemu相关依赖
yum安装依赖
yum -y install flex bison gcc gcc-c++ automake libtool zlib-devel glib2-devel bzip2-devel libuuid-devel spice-protocol spice-server-devel ncurses-devel usbredir-devel libaio-devel libseccomp-devel numactl-devel libcap-devel libiscsi-devel libnfs-devel SDL-devel libcap-ng-devel pixman pixman-devel libunistring-devel
安装nettle-3.6
卸载已安装nettle
yum remove nettle*
必须在升级gcc版本前，安装nettle-3.6
wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/nettle/nettle-3.6.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nettle-3.6.tar.gz
cd nettle-3.6
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nettle \
--disable-openssl \
--enable-shared \
--enable-mini-gmp
make
make install
# 定义库位置
echo /usr/local/nettle/lib64 > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/nettle.conf
ldconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/nettle/lib64/pkgconfig"
pkg-config --modversion nettle
# 显示如下信息，表示安装成功
3.6
安装gnutls-3.8.1
wget https://www.gnupg.org/ftp/gcrypt/gnutls/v3.8/gnutls-3.8.1.tar.xz
tar -xvJf gnutls-3.8.1.tar.xz
cd gnutls-3.8.1
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/gnutls \
--with-nettle-mini \
--without-p11-kit
make
make install
# 定义库位置
echo /usr/local/gnutls/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gnutls.conf
ldconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/gnutls/lib/pkgconfig"
pkg-config --modversion gnutls
# 显示如下信息，表示安装成功
3.8.1
安装过程中，如果出现错误提示安装对应的依赖包
configure: error:
Libunistring was not found. To use the included one, use --with-included-unistring
yum -y install libunistring-devel
安装 Python-3.9.0
yum安装Python依赖包
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel
下载Python3.9.0
Python下载地址
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/
wget http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.9.0.tgz
cd Python-3.9.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
yum必须使用python2，需要修改yum配置
vim /usr/bin/yum
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2
vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2
安装Ninja
yum -y install re2c git
git clone git://github.com/ninja-build/ninja.git
cd ninja
./configure.py --bootstrap
cp ninja /usr/bin/
ninja --version
升级gcc
配置gcc yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo << 'EOF'
[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-sclo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo
EOF
yum 安装gcc，并创建软连接
yum -y install devtoolset-11-gcc*
mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8.5
mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8.5
ln -s /opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc
ln -s /opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++
查看gcc版本
gcc --versio
g++ --version
#显示如下信息，表示安装成功
gcc (GCC) 11.2.1 20220127 (Red Hat 11.2.1-9)
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
编译安装qemu
qemu下载地址
https://www.qemu.org/download/#source
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-6.2.0.tar.xz
编译安装qemu
为了加快编译速度，架构只选择了x86_64-softmmu,i386-softmmu
# 如果不是同一个终端会话，需要先执行
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/nettle/lib64/pkgconfig"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/gnutls/lib/pkgconfig"
tar -xvJf qemu-6.2.0.tar.xz
cd qemu-6.2.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/qemu \
--enable-kvm \
--enable-vnc \
--enable-modules \
--enable-virtfs \
--enable-libiscsi \
--enable-libnfs \
--enable-usb-redir \
--enable-libusb \
--enable-spice \
--enable-uuid \
--enable-bzip2 \
--enable-linux-aio \
--enable-system \
--enable-seccomp \
--enable-numa \
--enable-nettle \
--enable-gnutls \
--target-list="x86_64-softmmu,i386-softmmu"
#输出如下信息
qemu 6.2.0
Directories
Install prefix : /usr/local/qemu
BIOS directory : share/qemu
firmware path : /usr/local/qemu/share/qemu-firmware
binary directory : bin
library directory : lib
module directory : lib/qemu
libexec directory : libexec
include directory : include
config directory : /usr/local/qemu/etc
local state directory : /usr/local/qemu/var
Manual directory : share/man
Doc directory : /usr/local/qemu/share/doc
Build directory : /root/qemu-6.2.0/build
Source path : /root/qemu-6.2.0
GIT submodules : ui/keycodemapdb tests/fp/berkeley-testfloat-3 tests/fp/berkeley-softfloat-3 dtc capstone slirp
Host binaries
git : git
make : make
python : /usr/bin/python3 (version: 3.6)
sphinx-build : NO
genisoimage : /usr/bin/genisoimage
smbd : "/usr/sbin/smbd"
Configurable features
Documentation : NO
system-mode emulation : YES
user-mode emulation : NO
block layer : YES
Install blobs : YES
module support : YES
alternative module path : NO
fuzzing support : NO
Audio drivers : oss
Trace backends : log
QOM debugging : YES
vhost-kernel support : YES
vhost-net support : YES
vhost-crypto support : YES
vhost-scsi support : YES
vhost-vsock support : YES
vhost-user support : YES
vhost-user-blk server support: YES
vhost-user-fs support : YES
vhost-vdpa support : YES
build guest agent : YES
Compilation
host CPU : x86_64
host endianness : little
C compiler : cc -m64 -mcx16
Host C compiler : cc -m64 -mcx16
C++ compiler : NO
CFLAGS : -O2 -g
QEMU_CFLAGS : -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -Wstrict-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wundef -Wwrite-strings -Wmissing-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fwrapv -Wold-style-declaration -Wold-style-definition -Wtype-limits -Wformat-security -Wformat-y2k -Winit-self -Wignored-qualifiers -Wempty-body -Wnested-externs -Wendif-labels -Wexpansion-to-defined -Wimplicit-fallthrough=2 -Wno-missing-include-dirs -Wno-shift-negative-value -Wno-psabi -fstack-protector-strong
QEMU_LDFLAGS : -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector-strong
profiler : NO
link-time optimization (LTO) : NO
PIE : YES
static build : NO
malloc trim support : YES
membarrier : NO
debug stack usage : NO
mutex debugging : NO
memory allocator : system
avx2 optimization : YES
avx512f optimization : NO
gprof enabled : NO
gcov : NO
thread sanitizer : NO
CFI support : NO
strip binaries : YES
sparse : NO
mingw32 support : NO
x86_64 tests : cc
Targets and accelerators
KVM support : YES
HAX support : NO
HVF support : NO
WHPX support : NO
NVMM support : NO
Xen support : NO
TCG support : YES
TCG backend : native (x86_64)
TCG plugins : YES
TCG debug enabled : NO
target list : x86_64-softmmu i386-softmmu
default devices : YES
out of process emulation : YES
Block layer support
coroutine backend : ucontext
coroutine pool : YES
Block whitelist (rw) :
Block whitelist (ro) :
Use block whitelist in tools : NO
VirtFS support : YES
build virtiofs daemon : YES
Live block migration : YES
replication support : YES
bochs support : YES
cloop support : YES
dmg support : YES
qcow v1 support : YES
vdi support : YES
vvfat support : YES
qed support : YES
parallels support : YES
FUSE exports : NO
Crypto
TLS priority : "NORMAL"
GNUTLS support : YES 3.8.1
GNUTLS crypto : NO
libgcrypt : NO
nettle : YES 3.6
XTS : YES
crypto afalg : NO
rng-none : NO
Linux keyring : YES
Dependencies
SDL support : NO
SDL image support : NO
GTK support : NO
pixman : YES 0.34.0
VTE support : NO
slirp support : internal
libtasn1 : YES 4.10
PAM : NO
iconv support : YES
curses support : YES
virgl support : NO
curl support : NO
Multipath support : NO
VNC support : YES
VNC SASL support : NO
VNC JPEG support : NO
VNC PNG support : YES 1.5.13
OSS support : YES
ALSA support : YES 1.1.8
PulseAudio support : NO
JACK support : NO
brlapi support : NO
vde support : NO
netmap support : NO
l2tpv3 support : YES
Linux AIO support : YES
Linux io_uring support : NO
ATTR/XATTR support : YES
RDMA support : NO
PVRDMA support : NO
fdt support : internal
libcap-ng support : YES
bpf support : NO
spice protocol support : YES 0.12.14
spice server support : YES 0.14.0
rbd support : NO
xfsctl support : NO
smartcard support : YES 2.7.0
U2F support : NO
libusb : YES 1.0.21
usb net redir : YES 0.7.1
OpenGL support : NO
GBM : NO
libiscsi support : YES 1.9.0
libnfs support : YES 1.11.0
seccomp support : YES 2.3.1
GlusterFS support : NO
TPM support : YES
libssh support : NO
lzo support : NO
snappy support : NO
bzip2 support : YES
lzfse support : NO
zstd support : NO
NUMA host support : YES
libxml2 : NO
capstone : internal
libpmem support : NO
libdaxctl support : NO
libudev : NO
FUSE lseek : NO
selinux : YES 2.5
Subprojects
libvhost-user : YES
Found ninja-1.10.2 at /usr/bin/ninja
如果执行./configure 后出错，根据提示yum安装对应的依赖包，再次执行，可根据输出的信息启用对应的模块。
# 执行编译时间比较久
make
make install
配置软连接
在配置软连接前，必须先确定以下事项：
1.关闭所有虚拟机运行
ps -ef |grep qemu
2.停止libvirtd服务
systemctl stop libvirtd
# 备份现使用qemu
mv /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm.bak
mv /usr/bin/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm.bak
mv /usr/bin/qemu-img /usr/bin/qemu-img.bak
mv /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64.bak
#配置软连接
ln -s /usr/local/qemu/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
ln -s /usr/local/qemu/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
ln -s /usr/local/qemu/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64
ln -s /usr/local/qemu/bin/qemu-img /usr/bin/qemu-img
查看qemu版本
qemu-img --version
qemu-kvm --version
# 显示如下信息，表示安装成功
QEMU emulator version 6.2.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
启动libvirtd服务
systemctl start libvirtd
测试启动虚拟机
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