题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-characters-by-frequency/
Given a string, sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of characters.
Example 1:
Input: "tree" Output: "eert" Explanation: 'e' appears twice while 'r' and 't' both appear once. So 'e' must appear before both 'r' and 't'. Therefore "eetr" is also a valid answer.
Example 2:
Input: "cccaaa" Output: "cccaaa" Explanation: Both 'c' and 'a' appear three times, so "aaaccc" is also a valid answer. Note that "cacaca" is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
Example 3:
Input: "Aabb" Output: "bbAa" Explanation: "bbaA" is also a valid answer, but "Aabb" is incorrect. Note that 'A' and 'a' are treated as two different characters
思路:一个直观的思路是先统计每个字符的数量,然后将这些字符连同频率放入一个优先队列中,再取出来即可.这种时间复杂度为O(n) + O(m log m),其中n为字符串长度,m为不同字符的个数,在最坏情况下时间复杂度为O(n log n),即所有字符都不一样.其实我们还有一种可以优化的方法,在统计完字符频率之后利用类似与计数排序的方法,开一个n+1长度大小的数组,将不同的频率字符放到频率的索引处.然后从高到低取得所有字符串.这种方法的好处是在最环情况下依然可以保证时间复杂度为O(n).
代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
string frequencySort(string s) {
int len = s.size();
unordered_map<char, int> hash;
vector<string> vec(len+1, "");
for(auto ch: s) hash[ch]++;
for(auto val: hash) vec[val.second].append(val.second, val.first);
string ans;
for(int i = len; i > 0; i--)
ans += vec[i];
return ans;
}
};