图像轮廓与图像分割修复（opencv3编程入门第八章）第三节 使用多边形将轮廓包围

图像轮廓与图像分割修复（opencv3编程入门第八章）第三节 使用多边形将轮廓包围

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返回外部矩形边界：boundingRect()

Rect boundingRect(InputArray points)
points 读入的参数必须是vector或者Mat点集

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寻找最小包围矩形：minAreaRect()

RotatedRect minAreaRect(InputArray points)
points：输入信息，可以为包含点的容器(vector)或是Mat。
返回包覆输入信息的最小斜矩形

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寻找最小包围圆形：minEnclosingCircle()

void minEnclosingCircle(InputArray points, Point2f& center, float& radius)

• points：输入信息，可以为包含点的容器(vector)或是Mat。
• center：包覆圆形的圆心。
• radius：包覆圆形的半径。

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椭圆你和二维点集：fitEllipse()

RotatedRect fitEllipse(InputArray points)
输入：二维点集，要求拟合的点至少为6个点。存储在std::vector<> or Mat
处理：该函数使用的是最小二乘的方法进行拟合的。

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逼近多边形曲线：approxPolyDP()

void approxPolyDP(InputArray curve, OutputArray approxCurve, double epsilon, bool closed)

• InputArray curve:一般是由图像的轮廓点组成的点集
• OutputArray approxCurve：表示输出的多边形点集
• double epsilon：主要表示输出的精度，为原始曲线和近似曲线间的最大值
• bool closed：表示输出的多边形是否封闭

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示例代码1

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
	RNG& rng = theRNG();

	while (1)
	{
		char key;
		int count = (unsigned)rng % 100 + 3;   //随机生成点的数量
		vector<Point> points(count);

		//随机生成点的坐标
		for (int i = 0; i< count; i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points[i] = point;
		}

		//检测凸包
		RotatedRect box = minAreaRect(Mat(points));
		Point2f vertex[4];
		box.points(vertex);

		//绘制出随机颜色的点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);
		}

		//绘制矩形
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			line(image, vertex[i], vertex[(i+1)%4], Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
		}

		//显示效果图
		imshow("矩形包围示例", image);
		key = (char)waitKey();
		if (key == 27)
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

结果展示：

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示例代码2

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
	RNG& rng = theRNG();

	while (1)
	{
		char key;
		int count = (unsigned)rng % 50 + 50;   //随机生成点的数量
		vector<Point> points(count);

		//随机生成点的坐标
		for (int i = 0; i< count; i++)
		{
			Point point;
			point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 6, image.cols * 5 / 6);
			point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);
			points[i] = point;
		}

		//检测斜矩形凸包
		RotatedRect box = minAreaRect(Mat(points));
		Point2f vertex[4];
		box.points(vertex);
		//检测正矩形凸包
		Rect rect = boundingRect(Mat(points));
		//检测圆形凸包
		Point2f center;
		float radius = 0;
		minEnclosingCircle(Mat(points), center, radius);
		//检测三角形凸包
		vector<Point2f> triangle;
		minEnclosingTriangle(Mat(points), triangle);
		//检测椭圆凸包
		RotatedRect ellip = fitEllipse(Mat(points)); //目前这个语句不稳定，可能是由于样本点太少导致该函数无法正确执行
		//凸包
		vector<int> hull;
		convexHull(Mat(points), hull, true);
		

		//绘制出随机颜色的点
		image = Scalar::all(0);
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255),
				rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);
		}


		//绘制矩形
		 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		 {
		 	line(image, vertex[i], vertex[(i+1)%4], Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
		 }
		 //绘制矩形
		 rectangle(image, rect.tl(), rect.br(), Scalar(0, 255, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
		 //绘制圆形
		 circle(image, center, round(radius), Scalar(255, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
		 //绘制三角形
		 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		 {
		 	line(image, triangle[i], triangle[(i + 1) % 3], Scalar(255, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);
		 }
		//绘制椭圆
		ellipse(image, ellip, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
		绘制凸包的边
		int hullcount = (int)hull.size();			//凸包的边数
		Point point0 = points[hull[hullcount - 1]];   //连接凸包边的坐标点										  
		for (int i = 0; i < hullcount; i++)
		{
			Point point = points[hull[i]];
			line(image, point0, point, Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);
			point0 = point;
		}
		
		//显示效果图
		imshow("矩形包围示例", image);
		key = (char)waitKey();
		if (key == 27)
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

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示例代码3

/*
 * 对于一幅图像，使用矩形和圆形来包围轮廓
 */
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"

Mat g_srcImage;
Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_nThreshMax = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);

void on_ContourChange(int, void*);

int main()
{
	VideoCapture cap(0);
	if (!cap.isOpened())    // 判断是否打开成功
	{
		cout << "open camera failed. " << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	while(1)
	{
		cap >> g_srcImage;
		cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
		blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
		
		namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_NORMAL);
		imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
		
		createTrackbar("阈值", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nThreshMax, on_ContourChange);
		on_ContourChange(0, 0);

		waitKey(10);
	}
	return 0;
}


void on_ContourChange(int, void*)
{
	Mat threshold_output;
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

	//使用threshold检测边缘
	threshold(g_grayImage, threshold_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

	//找出轮廓
	findContours(threshold_output, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

	//多边形轮廓逼近 + 获取矩形和圆形边界框
	vector<vector<Point>> contour_poly(contours.size());
	vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size());
	vector<Point2f> center(contours.size());
	vector<float> radius(contours.size());

	//一个循环、遍历所有部分、进行本程序最核心的操作
	for(int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contour_poly[i], 3, true);
		boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contour_poly[i]));
		minEnclosingCircle(contour_poly[i], center[i], radius[i]);
	}

	//绘制
	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(threshold_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for(int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, contour_poly, i, color, 1,
			8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
		rectangle(drawing, boundRect[i].tl(), boundRect[i].br(), color, 2, 8, 0);
		circle(drawing, center[i], (int)radius[i], color, 2, 8, 0);
	}

	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_NORMAL);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

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参考文献

• opencv3编程入门 电子工业出版社 毛星云等编著