Java 序列化使用

 一、实现 Serializable 接口

  1、具体使用

public class SerializableDemo implements Serializable {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private transient String address; //被标记为Transient 表示不被序列化
    //序列化唯一标识
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer name){
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress(){
        return address;
    }

    public void setAge(String address){
        this.address = address;
    }
    
} 


//main函数
public static void main(string[] args){

    //序列化
    SerializableDemo serdemo = new SerializableDemo();
    serdemo.setName("张三");
    serdemo.setAge(10); 
    serdemo.setAddress("北京");
    ObjectOutputStream output;
    try{
        output = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
        output.write(serdemo);
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }
    
    //反序列化
    ObjectInputStream oInput;
    try{
        oInput= new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("tempFile"));
        SerializableDemo demo = (SerializableDemo )oInput.readObject(serdemo);
        System.out.println(demo.getName());   //输出 张三
        Systm.out.println(demo.getAddress()); //输出 null 被标记为Transient 表示不被序列化
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }

    
}

注意点：

        1、序列化并不保存静态变量 

        2、Transient 关键字的作用是控制变量的序列化

        3、父类要想被序列化，需要父类也实现 Serializable 接口

        4、自定义策略 重写Serializable 接口中的方法 writeObject和readObject方法 

二、实现 Externalizable 接口

public class ExternalizableDemo implements Externalizable {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private transient String address; //被标记为Transient 表示不被序列化
    //序列化唯一标识
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer name){
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress(){
        return address;
    }

    public void setAge(String address){
        this.address = address;
    }

    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

    }

    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

    }
    
} 


//main函数
public static void main(string[] args){

    //序列化
    ExternalizableDemo serdemo = new ExternalizableDemo();
    serdemo.setName("张三");
    serdemo.setAge(10); 
    serdemo.setAddress("北京");
    ObjectOutputStream output;
    try{
        output = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
        output.write(serdemo);
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }
    
    //反序列化
    ObjectInputStream oInput;
    try{
        oInput= new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("tempFile"));
        SerializableDemo demo = (SerializableDemo )oInput.readObject(serdemo);
        System.out.println(demo.getName());   //输出 null 没有被序列化出来
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());   //输出 null  没有被序列化出来
        Systm.out.println(demo.getAddress()); //输出 null 被标记为Transient 表示不被序列化
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }
    
}

Externalizable继承了Serializable，该接口中定义了两个抽象方法：writeExternal()与readExternal()。当使用Externalizable接口来进行序列化与反序列化的时候需要开发人员重写writeExternal()与readExternal()方法

public class ExternalizableDemo implements Externalizable {
    
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String address; 
    //序列化唯一标识
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer name){
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress(){
        return address;
    }

    public void setAge(String address){
        this.address = address;
    }

    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
         out.writeObject(name);
         out.writeInt(age);
    }

    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        name = (String) in.readObject();
        age = in.readInt();
    }
    
} 


//main函数
public static void main(string[] args){

    //序列化
    ExternalizableDemo serdemo = new ExternalizableDemo();
    serdemo.setName("张三");
    serdemo.setAge(10); 
    serdemo.setAddress("北京");
    ObjectOutputStream output;
    try{
        output = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
        output.write(serdemo);
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }
    
    //反序列化
    ObjectInputStream oInput;
    try{
        oInput= new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("tempFile"));
        SerializableDemo demo = (SerializableDemo )oInput.readObject(serdemo);
        System.out.println(demo.getName());   //输出 张三                
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());   //输出 李四
        Systm.out.println(demo.getAddress()); //输出 null 
    }catch(IOException e){
        e.printStreak();
    }finally{
        if(output!=null)
            output.close();
    }
    
}

如果序列化类中没有无参数的构造函数，在运行时会抛出异常：java.io.InvalidClassException