python迭代器

# 
# 迭代器
# 使用  [x * x for x in range(size)]  方式创建列表时，内存中一
# 下生成了指定大小的空间，若size很大，则会非常耗费内存空间，但如果使用
# 迭代器，每次需要时便获取一个，会节省空间，而且会延迟计算 x*x
generator=( x*x for x in range(5)  )
print generator

print generator.next()
print generator.next()
print generator.next()
print generator.next()
print generator.next()

print generator.next()
# 
# 打印如下
# <generator object <genexpr> at 0x102bd1b90>
# 0
# 1
# 4
# 9
# 16
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "/Users/young/Documents/workspace_python/python1/src/main.py", line 17, in <module>
#     print generator.next()
# StopIteration

# 当第6次调用next时会报错，因为已经指定了是5

generator=( x*x for x in range(5)  )

# 当然也可以按如下方式遍历
for ele in generator:
    print ele
    
# 打印如下  
# 0
# 1
# 4
# 9
# 16   

  
# 迭代函数
# 如果一个函数定义中包含yield关键字，那么这个函数就不再是一个普通函数，而是一个generator：

# generator的函数，在每次调用next()的时候执行，遇到yield语句返回，再次执行时从上次返回的yield语句处继续执行
def fib(max):
    n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
    while n < max:
        yield b
        a, b = b, a + b
        n = n + 1

gene=fib(8)

print gene.next()    
print gene.next() 
print gene.next() 
print gene.next()     
print gene.next() 
print gene.next() 
print gene.next() 
print gene.next()  
print gene.next()   

# 打印如下
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 5
# 8
# 13
# 21
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "/Users/young/Documents/workspace_python/python1/src/main.py", line 25, in <module>
#     print gene.next()   
# StopIteration

# 再例如
def odd():
    print 'step 1'
    yield 1
    print 'step 2'
    yield 3
    print 'step 3'
    yield 5


ge=odd()

ge.next()
ge.next()
ge.next()
ge.next()

打印如下
step 1
step 2
step 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/young/Documents/workspace_python/python1/src/main.py", line 18, in <module>
    ge.next()
StopIteration