Android 疑难杂症之Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.

Android studio突然出现这个问题

AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"Program type already present: android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransitionCompat21$4","sources":[{}],"tool":"D8"}
:app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug FAILED
:app:buildInfoGeneratorDebug

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.
> com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\0.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\1.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\2.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\3.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\4.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\5.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\6.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\7.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\8.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\9.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\10.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\11.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\12.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\13.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\14.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\15.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\16.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\17.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\18.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\19.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\20.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\21.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\22.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\23.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\24.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\25.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\26.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\27.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\28.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\29.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\30.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\31.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\32.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\33.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\34.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\35.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\36.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\37.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\38.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\39.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\40.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\41.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\42.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\43.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\44.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\45.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\46.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\47.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\48.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\49.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\50.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\51.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\52.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\53.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\54.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\55.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\56.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\57.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\58.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\59.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\60.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\61.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\62.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\63.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\64.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\65.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\66.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\67.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\68.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\69.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\70.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\71.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\72.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\73.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\74.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\75.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\76.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\77.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\78.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\79.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\80.jar, E:\dianjinkeji\android\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\debug\81.jar
  Learn how to resolve the issue at https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes.
  Program type already present: android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransitionCompat21$4

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 8s

我现实用的是关键错误去找答案，Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.查到了很多答案，例如是包引入重复等

最后解决问题很想笑，搞了两个小时

implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:28.0.0'

就好了。

最后定位错误是Program type already present: android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransitionCompat21$4

总算解决了，以此记录。