Centos7.9上安装Oracle 11gR2 RAC 三节点（ASMlib管理asm磁盘）

董小姐yyds

于 2024-05-22 18:43:26 发布

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文章标签： oracle 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq961573863/article/details/139127031

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服务器规划

OS	规格	主机名	IP	VIP	private IP	scanip
centos 7.9	1C4G	racdb01	192.168.40.165	192.168.183.165	192.168.40.16	192.168.40.200
centos 7.9	1C4G	racdb02	192.168.40.175	192.168.183.175	192.168.40.17	192.168.40.200
centos 7.9	1C4G	racdb03	192.168.40.185	192.168.183.185	192.168.40.18	192.168.40.200

Linux服务器配置

时区设置

根据客户标准设置 OS 时区，国内通常为东八区"Asia/Shanghai".

在安装 GRID 之前，一定要先修改好 OS 时区，否则 GRID 将引用一个错误的 OS 时区，导致 DB 的时区，监听的时区等不正确。

--每个节点都要查
[root@racdb01 grid]# timedatectl status
      Local time: Tue 2024-05-21 17:38:36 CST
  Universal time: Tue 2024-05-21 09:38:36 UTC
        RTC time: Tue 2024-05-21 09:38:36
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

修改OS时区：

timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai"

配置主机名

--节点1
hostnamectl set-hostname racdb01
exec bash

--节点2
hostnamectl set-hostname racdb02
exec bash

--节点3
hostnamectl set-hostname racdb03
exec bash

hosts文件配置

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.40.165 racdb01
192.168.40.175 racdb02
192.168.40.185 racdb03

192.168.183.165 racdb01_privatevip
192.168.183.175 racdb02_privatevip
192.168.183.185 racdb03_privatevip

192.168.40.16  racdb01_vitureip
192.168.40.17  racdb02_vitureip
192.168.40.18  racdb03_vitureip

192.168.40.200  racdbscan01  ##安装时注意集群名不要超过 15 个字符，也不能有大写主机名。
EOF

配置语言环境

echo "export LANG=en_US" >>  ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

创建用户、组、目录

--创建用户、组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50001 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50002 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50003 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50004 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50005 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 50006 asmdba
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 60001 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 60002 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid


echo grid | passwd --stdin grid
echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

--创建目录
mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /oracle

配置yum软件安装环境及软件包安装

#配置本地yum源
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mkdir bk
mv *.repo bk/


cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos7.repo << "EOF"
[local]
name=Centos7
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

cat /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos7.repo



#安装所需的软件
yum -y install autoconf
yum -y install automake
yum -y install binutils
yum -y install binutils-devel
yum -y install bison
yum -y install cpp
yum -y install dos2unix
yum -y install gcc
yum -y install gcc-c++
yum -y install lrzsz
yum -y install python-devel
yum -y install compat-db*
yum -y install compat-gcc-34
yum -y install compat-gcc-34-c++
yum -y install compat-libcap1
yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33
yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686
yum -y install glibc-*
yum -y install glibc-*.i686
yum -y install libXpm-*.i686
yum -y install libXp.so.6
yum -y install libXt.so.6
yum -y install libXtst.so.6
yum -y install libXext
yum -y install libXext.i686
yum -y install libXtst
yum -y install libXtst.i686
yum -y install libX11
yum -y install libX11.i686
yum -y install libXau
yum -y install libXau.i686
yum -y install libxcb
yum -y install libxcb.i686
yum -y install libXi
yum -y install libXi.i686
yum -y install libXtst
yum -y install libstdc++-docs
yum -y install libgcc_s.so.1
yum -y install libstdc++.i686
yum -y install libstdc++-devel
yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686
yum -y install libaio
yum -y install libaio.i686
yum -y install libaio-devel
yum -y install libaio-devel.i686
yum -y install libXp
yum -y install libaio-devel
yum -y install numactl
yum -y install numactl-devel
yum -y install make
yum -y install sysstat
yum -y install unixODBC
yum -y install unixODBC-devel
yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97
yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel
yum -y install redhat-lsb-core
yum -y install unzip
yum -y install *vnc*

# 安装Linux图像界面
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"
yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools" 


#检查包的安装情况
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n'

安装依赖包

rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm 
如果提示和ksh冲突执行如下操作先卸载ksh然后再安装pdksh依赖包

rpm -evh ksh-20120801-139.el7.x86_64

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm

修改系统相关参数

修改系统资源限制参数

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

#ORACLE SETTING
grid                 soft    nproc    16384 
grid                 hard    nproc    16384
grid                 soft    nofile   65536
grid                 hard    nofile   65536
grid                 soft    stack    32768
grid                 hard    stack    32768
oracle               soft    nproc    16384
oracle               hard    nproc    16384
oracle               soft    nofile   65536
oracle               hard    nofile   65536
oracle               soft    stack    32768
oracle               hard    stack    32768
oracle               hard    memlock  2000000
oracle               soft    memlock  2000000


ulimit -a


# nproc  操作系统对用户创建进程数的限制
# nofile  文件描述符   一个文件同时打开的会话数 也就是一个进程能够打开多少个文件
# memlock   内存锁，给oracle用户使用的最大内存，单位是KB
当前环境的物理内存为4G（grid 1g，操作系统 1g，我们给oracle留2g），memlock<物理内存

修改nproc参数

echo "* - nproc 16384" > /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

控制给用户分配的资源

echo "session    required     pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
cat /etc/pam.d/login

修改内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

#ORACLE SETTING
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
vm.nr_hugepages = 868
kernel.shmmax = 1610612736
kernel.shmall = 393216
kernel.shmmni = 4096

sysctl -p

参数说明：

--kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
程序出问题，是否继续
--vm.nr_hugepages = 1000
大内存页，物理内存超过8g，必设
经验值：sga_max_size/2m+(100~500)=1536/2m+100=868
>sga_max_size

--kernel.shmmax = 1610612736
定义单个共享内存段的最大值，一定要存放下整个SGA，>SGA 
SGA+PGA <物理内存的80%
SGA_max<物理内存的80%的80%
PGA_max<物理内存的80%的20%

kernel.shmall = 393216
--控制共享内存的页数  =kernel.shmmax/PAGESIZE
getconf PAGESIZE    --获取内存页大小   4096

kernel.shmmni = 4096
--共享内存段的数量，一个实例就是一个内存共享段

--物理内存（KB）
os_memory_total=$(awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo)

--获取系统页面大小，用于计算内存总量
pagesize=$(getconf PAGE_SIZE)

min_free_kbytes = $os_memory_total / 250

shmall = ($os_memory_total - 1) * 1024 / $pagesize

shmmax = $os_memory_total * 1024 - 1

  # 如果 shmall 小于 2097152，则将其设为 2097152
  (($shmall < 2097152)) && shmall=2097152
  # 如果 shmmax 小于 4294967295，则将其设为 4294967295
  (($shmmax < 4294967295)) && shmmax=4294967295

关闭透明页

cat /proc/meminfo 

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
[always] madvise never

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

关闭numa功能

numactl --hardware

vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off"
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

#vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
#kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-128.1.16.0.1.el5 root=LABEL=DBSYS ro bootarea=dbsys rhgb quiet console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty1 crashkernel=128M@16M numa=off

设置字符界面启动操作系统

systemctl set-default multi-user.target

共享内存段

[root@testosa ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2        93G  1.9G   91G   2% /
devtmpfs        1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

#/dev/shm 默认是操作系统物理内存的一半，我们设置大一点

echo "tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=3072m        0 0" >>/etc/fstab
mount -o remount /dev/shm

[root@testosa ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2                 93G  2.3G   91G   3% /
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.0G     0  3.0G   0% /dev/shm

检查或配置交换空间

若swap>=2G，跳过该步骤，

若swap=0，则执行以下操作

# 创建指定大小的空文件 /swapfile，并将其格式化为交换分区
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=2G count=1
# 设置文件权限为 0600
chmod 600 /swapfile
# 格式化文件为 Swap 分区
mkswap /swapfile
# 启用 Swap 分区
swapon /swapfile
# 将 Swap 分区信息添加到 /etc/fstab 文件中，以便系统重启后自动加载
echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
mount -a

--查看内存  已经有swap了
[root@racdb03 tmp]# free -g
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              3           1           1           0           0           1
Swap:             3           0           3

配置安全

#1、禁用SELINUX
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 

#2、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

禁用NTP

--停止NTP服务
systemctl stop ntpd
systemctl disable ntpd

--删除配置文件
mv /etc/ntp.conf  /etc/ntp.conf_bak_20240521

--设置时间三台主机的时间要一样，如果一样就不用再设置
date -s 'Sat Aug 26 23:18:15 CST 2023'

禁用DNS

因为测试环境，没有使用DNS，删除resolv.conf文件即可。或者直接忽略该失败

mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf_bak

配置grid/oracle 用户环境变量

grid用户

su - grid

#节点1：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

#节点2：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

#节点3：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM3; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

oracle用户

su - oracle

#节点1：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
#alias rman="rlwrap rman"
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb01
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=rac_db1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF


#节点2：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
#alias rman="rlwrap rman"
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb02
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=rac_db2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

#节点3：
cat >> ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
#alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
#alias rman="rlwrap rman"
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=rac_db
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=racdb03; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
EOF

配置SSH信任关系

📎ssh.sh

#下载脚本
wget https://gitcode.net/myneth/tools/-/raw/master/tool/ssh.sh
chmod +x ssh.sh

#执行互信
./ssh.sh -user grid -hosts "racdb01 racdb02 racdb03" -advanced -exverify -confirm
./ssh.sh -user oracle -hosts "racdb01 racdb02 racdb03" -advanced -exverify -confirm


chmod 600 /home/grid/.ssh/config
chmod 600 /home/oracle/.ssh/config


#检查互信
su - grid
for i in racdb{01,02,03};do
ssh $i hostname 
done

su - oracle
for i in racdb{01,02,03};do
ssh $i hostname 
done

RAC 共享存储规划与配置

共享磁盘规划

grid 1G*3

data 10G*1 5G*2

VMvare workstation创建共享磁盘

在安装VMware软件的操作系统上，以管理员权限打开命令行工具cmd，进入到计划存放共享磁盘的目录，如 E:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\rac11g_asmlib_3节点\racdb01 下，在节点1目录下创建共享磁盘；

创建共享存储

1个节点操作，剩余2个节点不用操作。

--进入存放共享磁盘的目录
C:\Users\Administrator>e:
E:\>cd Program Files (x86)\VMware\rac11g_asmlib_3节点\racdb01

--创建共享磁盘
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm01.vmdk
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm02.vmdk
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm03.vmdk
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 5GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm04.vmdk
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 5GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm05.vmdk
E:\"Program Files (x86)"\VMware\"VMware Workstation"\vmware-vdiskmanager -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 4 shared-asm06.vmdk

--查看已创建的共享磁盘
E:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\rac11g_asmlib_3节点\racdb01>dir shared-asm*
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 9EDB-69A6

 E:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\rac11g_asmlib_3节点\racdb01 的目录

2024/05/20  20:11     1,073,741,824 shared-asm01-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:11               476 shared-asm01.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:12     1,073,741,824 shared-asm02-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:12               476 shared-asm02.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13     1,073,741,824 shared-asm03-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13               476 shared-asm03.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13     5,368,709,120 shared-asm04-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13               477 shared-asm04.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13     5,368,709,120 shared-asm05-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13               477 shared-asm05.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13    10,737,418,240 shared-asm06-flat.vmdk
2024/05/20  20:13               478 shared-asm06.vmdk
              12 个文件 24,696,064,812 字节
               0 个目录 474,241,511,424 可用字节

挂载共享存储（每台主机都操作）

每个节点保持关机状态。

检查虚拟机配置文件

racdb01.vmx
racdb02.vmx
racdb03.vmx

#保证配置文件中有以下内容
disk.locking = "FALSE"
disk.EnableUUID = "TRUE"

启动每台服务器检查磁盘信息

--节点1
[root@racdb01 ~]# fdisk -l|grep 'Disk /dev/s'|sort
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdf: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

--节点2
[root@racdb02 ~]# fdisk -l|grep 'Disk /dev/s'|sort
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdf: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

--节点3
[root@racdb03 ~]# fdisk -l|grep 'Disk /dev/s'|sort
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdf: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk /dev/sdg: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

ASM共享磁盘配置

磁盘使用方式

raw --（裸设备）使用不方便
asmlib -- Oracle推出的，解决裸设备不方便的问题本次使用asmlib方式
udev --动态设备管理

asmlib工具安装

注意事项：不同操作系统，rpm包版本不同，下载的时候注意。

下载工具包

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
https://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/asmlib/oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

补充：Oracle如何从官方渠道下载ASMLIB组件安装包

简介

ASMLib 由以下组件组成：

开源 (GPL) 内核模块包：kmod-oracleasm
开源 (GPL) 实用程序包：oracleasm-support
闭源（专有）库包：oracleasmlib

如果是Oracle Linux系统，并且是使用了带uek内核的方式启动的（uname -a确认），则只需要安装"oracleasm-support"和“oracleasmlib”即可。

uek,即Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel，牢不可破的企业内核.....，uek已经集成了Oracle ASMLib 内核驱动程序。

uek模式下通过命令"modinfo oracleasm"可以确认已经集成。

通过Oracle ASMLib Software Update and Support Policy (Doc ID 1089399.1)可以了解到 Oracle 支持的 Oracle Linux (OL)/Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 和 Red Hat 支持的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 上使用 ASMLib 和自动存储管理 (ASM) 的客户的支持政策和下载方式。

其他：Oracle Linux: How to Find ASMLib / Oracleasm RPMs (Doc ID 559055.1)

官方下载网址/方式

oracleasmlib软件下载

Oracle Linux 7：Oracle ASMLib Downloads for Oracle Linux 7RedHat 7：Oracle ASMLib Downloads for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (包含oracleasm-support，看链接实际上就是OL7的同一个软件包)
Oracle Linux 6：Oracle ASMLib Downloads for Oracle Linux 6
RedHat 6：Oracle ASMLib Downloads for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 (包含oracleasm-support，oracleasm-support的下载链接有问题)

oracleasm-support软件下载

Oracle Linux 7：Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN): Login 或者
Oracle Linux Yum Server 或者
Oracle Linux 7 (x86_64) Latest | Oracle, Software. Hardware. Complete. （上边是官方说明的去处，比较难找，直接用这个搜索oracleasm-support最方便）
RedHat 7：见上述oracleasmlib。
Oracle Linux 6：Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN): Login 或者
Oracle Linux Yum Server 或者
Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64) Latest | Oracle, Software. Hardware. Complete.RedHat 6：见上述oracleasmlib，链接有问题。或者直接点击下载：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

除此之外，服务器能够联网，可以使用yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp oracleasm-support也行。

kmod-oracleasm下载

RedHat或OracleLinux(非uek模式启动)则需要安装这个。

Oracle Linux 7(非uek模式启动)：Oracle Linux 7 (x86_64) Latest | Oracle, Software. Hardware. Complete.
Oracle Linux 6(非uek模式启动)：Oracle Linux 6 (x86_64) Latest | Oracle, Software. Hardware. Complete.

除此之外，服务器能够联网，可以使用yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp kmod-oracleasm也行。

https://www.cnblogs.com/PiscesCanon/p/17967227

关于RedHat如何下载kmod-oracleasm

RedHat的在下载oracleasmlib页面已经说明，直接去到redhat进行下载，不过我没找到在线可用的yum源。RedHat官网有篇安装ASMLIB的示例也都是直接yum install kmod-install进行安装的（看这里）。

既然如此，就使用yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp kmod-oracleasm方式下载。

但是需要先去红帽官网注册账号，然后激活订阅，注意激活订阅要使用开发者模式（免费）：https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhel/download

注意：access.redhat.com（收费)。

然后在linux使用命令：

subscription-manager register，进行登录，输入你的红帽用户名密码。
subscription-manager list --available --all，列出激活的可用的订阅池
subscription-manager attach --pool=上述可用订阅池的Pool ID
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp kmod-oracleasm
去/tmp目录拿包即可

参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/PiscesCanon/p/17967227

上传asmlib工具的安装包

kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装asmlib工具

所有节点都安装、配置

在Linux中，加载设备时，因加载顺序问题，共享磁盘在各节点的设备名可能会不一致。为解决这个问题，保证各节点的设备名一致，有两种方法:

1）使用asmlib创建asm磁盘，将会在各分区上做asm磁盘标识，以保证设备名称的唯一性

首先安装ASM内核软件包

在oracle官方网站下载asm的软件包安装到各节点主机上.

ASMLIB官方资源站点：Oracle Linux: Oracle ASMLib | Oracle Technology Network | Oracle

ASM: Automatic Storage Management

使用Oracle ASM管理数据库的存储，需要安装三个oracleasm相关的包，分别是

oracleasm-support(平台架构相关) oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 官网下载

oracleasmlib(平台架构相关) oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 官网下载

oracleasm(kernel相关)， kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-28.el7.x86_64.rpm iso中包含

由于上述三个ASM相关包是平台以及内核版本相关，要根据平台架构及操作系统的内核版本下载对应的版本，否则导致无法使用。

#安装  注意按照次序来
rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm  #systemctl enable oracleasm.service
rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-28.el7.x86_64.rpm #有时候会很慢 最长时间近2个小时 建议/boot分区给2G
rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

#检查
[root@racdb01 opt]# rpm -qa | grep oracleasm
kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-28.el7.x86_64
oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64
oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64

注意：安装后重启所有节点，否则在配置asmlib可能出现无法加载asmlib模块错误

oracleasm 命令的默认路径为 /usr/sbin。以前版本中使用的 /etc/init.d 路径

配置asmlib驱动

所有节点都配置

#查看帮助信息  
[root@icpspnet01 soft]#  /usr/sbin/oracleasm -h  --/etc/init.d/oracleasm -h 已弃用
Usage: oracleasm [--exec-path=<exec_path>] <command> [ <args> ]
oracleasm --exec-path
oracleasm -h
oracleasm -V

The basic oracleasm commands are:
configure        Configure the Oracle Linux ASMLib driver
init             Load and initialize the ASMLib driver
exit             Stop the ASMLib driver
scandisks        Scan the system for Oracle ASMLib disks
status           Display the status of the Oracle ASMLib driver
listdisks        List known Oracle ASMLib disks
listiids         List the iid files
deleteiids       Delete the unused iid files
querydisk        Determine if a disk belongs to Oracle ASMlib
createdisk       Allocate a device for Oracle ASMLib use
deletedisk       Return a device to the operating system
renamedisk       Change the label of an Oracle ASMlib disk
update-driver    Download the latest ASMLib driver

#查看状态
[root@icpspnet01]#/usr/sbin/oracleasm status  --/etc/init.d/oracleasm status已弃用
Checking if ASM is loaded: no
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no

#配置oracleasm驱动
[root@testosa ~]# oracleasm configure -i
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
[root@testosa ~]# 

#挂载oracleasm模块   加载 oracleasm 内核模块  (必须操作)
[root@testosa ~]# oracleasm init
Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm
Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm
Configuring "oracleasm" to use device physical block size
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
[root@testosa ~]# 

#查看状态
[root@icpspnet01 soft]# oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: yes
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes

为磁盘创建分区

只在1个节点操作即可

#创建一个分区就行
fdisk /dev/sdc
fdisk /dev/sdd
fdisk /dev/sde
fdisk /dev/sdf
fdisk /dev/sdg
fdisk /dev/sdh

#查看创建的分区（sdb1~sdg1就是刚刚创建的分区）
[root@racdb01 opt]# ls -lsa /dev/sd*1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8,  1 May 21 11:26 /dev/sda1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 May 21 12:44 /dev/sdb1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 33 May 21 12:44 /dev/sdc1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 49 May 21 12:44 /dev/sdd1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 65 May 21 12:44 /dev/sde1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 81 May 21 12:45 /dev/sdf1
0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 97 May 21 12:45 /dev/sdg1

#如果建立了分区但是查询不到使用以下命令处理
kpartx -a /dev/sdc
OR：
partprobe /dev/sdc

使用asmlib创建磁盘

只在1个节点操作即可

oracleasm createdisk ocr01 /dev/sdb1
oracleasm createdisk ocr02 /dev/sdc1
oracleasm createdisk ocr03 /dev/sdd1
oracleasm createdisk data01 /dev/sde1
oracleasm createdisk data02 /dev/sdf1
oracleasm createdisk data03 /dev/sdg1

[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk ocr01 /dev/sdb1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk ocr02 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk ocr03 /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk data01 /dev/sde1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk data02 /dev/sdf1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@racdb03 bin]# oracleasm createdisk data03 /dev/sdg1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done



#查看创建的磁盘（注意权限）
[root@racdb01 opt]# cd /dev/oracleasm/disks/
[root@racdb01 disks]# pwd
/dev/oracleasm/disks
[root@racdb01 disks]# ls -l
total 0
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 21 20:51 DATA01
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 21 20:51 DATA02
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 97 May 21 20:51 DATA03
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 May 21 20:51 OCR01
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 21 20:51 OCR02
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 21 20:51 OCR03

--扩展
/etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk DATA01

问题处理

--问题描述
[root@racdb01 disks]# oracleasm createdisk ocr01 /dev/sdb1
Device "/dev/sdb1" is already labeled for ASM disk "OCR01"

--解决办法
清理磁盘后头再次进行asm磁盘创建
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdg1 bs=1024 count=100

修改配置文件

所有节点都修改

vim /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm

[root@racdb01 disks]# cat /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm|sed '/^$/d'
#
# This is a configuration file for automatic loading of the Oracle
# Automatic Storage Management library kernel driver.  It is generated
# By running /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure.  Please use that method
# to modify this file
#
# ORACLEASM_ENABLED: 'true' means to load the driver on boot.
ORACLEASM_ENABLED=true
# ORACLEASM_UID: Default user owning the /dev/oracleasm mount point.
ORACLEASM_UID=grid
# ORACLEASM_GID: Default group owning the /dev/oracleasm mount point.
ORACLEASM_GID=asmadmin
# ORACLEASM_SCANBOOT: 'true' means scan for ASM disks on boot.
ORACLEASM_SCANBOOT=true
# ORACLEASM_SCANORDER: Matching patterns to order disk scanning
ORACLEASM_SCANORDER=""
# ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE: Matching patterns to exclude disks from scan
ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sda"
# ORACLEASM_SCAN_DIRECTORIES: Scan disks under these directories
ORACLEASM_SCAN_DIRECTORIES=""
# ORACLEASM_USE_LOGICAL_BLOCK_SIZE: 'true' means use the logical block size
# reported by the underlying disk instead of the physical. The default
# is 'false'
ORACLEASM_USE_LOGICAL_BLOCK_SIZE=false

扫描和显示磁盘

所有节点

#扫描磁盘
[root@racdb01 disks]# oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...



#显示磁盘
[root@racdb01 disks]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA01
DATA02
DATA03
OCR01
OCR02
OCR03

集群软件安装配置与ASM磁盘组创建

grid软件安装

解压安装介质并安装磁盘检测工具

--节点1
#软件下载
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

cd /home/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

#切换到grid用户
su - grid

#软件解压（grid用户操作）
unzip /opt/p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

#切换root用户，先安装一个磁盘检测工具（在解压的文件夹里面找，其他节点也需要安装）
[root@racdb01 ~]# rpm -ivh /home/grid/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

scp /home/grid/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm root@192.168.40.175:/opt/
scp /home/grid/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm root@192.168.40.185:/opt/

--节点2和节点3分别安装
rpm -ivh /opt/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

启动vnc

以grid用户启动vncserver

[root@racdb01 ~]# su - grid
Last login: Tue May 21 13:14:45 CST 2024 on pts/0
vn[grid@racdb01:/home/grid]$vncserver

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:
Verify:
xauth:  file /home/grid/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'racdb01:1 (grid)' desktop is racdb01:1

Creating default startup script /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /home/grid/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/grid/.vnc/racdb01:1.log

调用vncserver使用图形化界面安装

远程使用vnc客户端，调用vncserver使用图形化界面安装

安装过程

日志位置：

/tmp/OraInstall2024-05-21_04-46-49-PM

/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2024-05-22_10-04-06AM.log

--注意使用-jreLoc选项，否则界面里面，提示框不能放大
su - grid
cd grid
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

跳过软件更新

安装和配置

高级安装

选择语言

设置集群名称

SCAN Name要保持和/etc/hosts文件中scan ip地址后面的主机名一致。

[grid@racdb01:/home/grid]$cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.40.165 racdb01
192.168.40.175 racdb02
192.168.40.185 racdb03

192.168.183.165 racdb01_privatevip
192.168.183.175 racdb02_privatevip
192.168.183.185 racdb03_privatevip

192.168.40.16  racdb01_vitureip
192.168.40.17  racdb02_vitureip
192.168.40.18  racdb03_vitureip

192.168.40.200  racdbscan01

添加集群列表并检查ssh信任关系（每个节点都检查）

检查ssh信任关系

指定网卡

存储选项

创建磁盘组

ocr磁盘组

指定asm实例密码

密码设置为oracle

故障隔离支持

用户组配置

指定安装路径

创建库存路径

预安装检测

尝试自动修复

根据提示操作如下

--节点1
[root@racdb01 tmp]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Setting Kernel Parameters...
kernel.shmmax = 1610612736
kernel.shmmax = 2061377536
kernel.shmall = 393216
kernel.shmall = 2097152

--节点2
[root@racdb02 disks]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Setting Kernel Parameters...
kernel.shmall = 393216
kernel.shmall = 2097152

--节点3
[root@racdb03 opt]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Setting Kernel Parameters...
kernel.shmall = 393216
kernel.shmall = 2097152

执行完回来点OK，继续检查约束条件

安装pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm包和 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm（每个节点都安装）

rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm 
如果提示和ksh冲突执行如下操作先卸载ksh然后再安装pdksh依赖包

rpm -evh ksh-20120801-139.el7.x86_64

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm

安装后再次检查

--节点1
[root@racdb01 tmp]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Installing Package /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid//cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1                 ################################# [100%]

--节点2
[root@racdb02 ~]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Installing Package /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid//cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1                 ################################# [100%]

--节点3
[root@racdb03 disks]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid/orarun.log
Installing Package /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid//cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1                 ################################# [100%]

忽略所有下一步

执行脚本

根据图片上提示，显示几个脚本在几个节点上执行，那就对应的节点都执行。常规是显示2个脚本，但是环境不一样，显示的需要执行的脚本也不完全一样。

执行脚本的日志位置：/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2024-05-22_10-04-06AM.log

[root@racdb01 opt]# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@racdb01 grid]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
[root@racdb01 etc]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
User ignored Prerequisites during installation
Installing Trace File Analyzer
OLR initialization - successful
  root wallet
  root wallet cert
  root cert export
  peer wallet
  profile reader wallet
  pa wallet
  peer wallet keys
  pa wallet keys
  peer cert request
  pa cert request
  peer cert
  pa cert
  peer root cert TP
  profile reader root cert TP
  pa root cert TP
  peer pa cert TP
  pa peer cert TP
  profile reader pa cert TP
  profile reader peer cert TP
  peer user cert
  pa user cert
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'racdb01' succeeded

ASM created and started successfully.

Disk Group OCR created successfully.

clscfg: -install mode specified
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk a57467f8efbc4fc1bfd2743279d18f2a.
Successful addition of voting disk 61006c2f61724f9dbfa8be53ba18c44a.
Successful addition of voting disk ad17f6f72cb14fc5bf04ce3e5611e30a.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   a57467f8efbc4fc1bfd2743279d18f2a (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR01) [OCR]
 2. ONLINE   61006c2f61724f9dbfa8be53ba18c44a (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR02) [OCR]
 3. ONLINE   ad17f6f72cb14fc5bf04ce3e5611e30a (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR03) [OCR]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'racdb01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'racdb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCR.dg' on 'racdb01' succeeded
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

问题处理

[client(34579)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.

--问题描述
[root@racdb01 grid]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
ohasd failed to start
Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow:
2024-05-21 17:23:43.720:
[client(34579)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.

--问题原因
因为centos7 使用的sysemd而不时initd运行继承和重启进程，而root.sh通过传统的initd运行ohasd进程

--解决办法
在centos7中ohasd需要被设置为一个服务，在运行脚本root.sh之前。
#以root用户创建服务文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Oracle High Availability Services
After=syslog.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable ohas.service
systemctl start ohas.service
systemctl status ohas.service

#查看ohas服务状态
[root@testosa ~]# systemctl status ohas.service
* ohas.service - Oracle High Availability Services
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2023-08-27 18:48:57 CST; 6s ago
 Main PID: 91992 (init.ohasd)
    Tasks: 1
   CGroup: /system.slice/ohas.service
           `-91992 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple

Aug 27 18:48:57 testosa systemd[1]: Started Oracle High Availability Services.
[root@testosa ~]# 

#重新执行root脚本

同样在b、c节点执行脚本，第一次执行root脚本都会报错，报错后终止执行，启动ohas后重新执行即可

脚本执行完成后，点ok

ORA-29785: GPnP attribute GET failed with error [CLSGPNP_SIG_WALLETDIF]

--问题描述
执行root.sh脚本报错
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'racdb01' succeeded

Creation of ASM spfile in disk group failed. Following error occured: ORA-29785: GPnP attribute GET failed with error [CLSGPNP_SIG_WALLETDIF]


Configuration of ASM ... failed
see asmca logs at /oracle/app/grid/cfgtoollogs/asmca for details
Did not succssfully configure and start ASM at /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_lib.pm line 6912.
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl execution failed

--查看日志
cd /oracle/app/grid/cfgtoollogs/asmca
tail -300f asmca-240521PM053344.log
[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.270 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:143]  Creation of ASM spfile in disk group failed. Following error occured: ORA-29785: GPnP attribute GET failed with error [CLSGPNP_SIG_WALLETDIF]

[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.270 CST ] [OsUtilsBase.deleteFile:1863]  OsUtilsBase.deleteFile: /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/dbs/init+ASM1.ora
[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.270 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logInfo:143]  deleting temp ora file. for sid: /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/dbs/init+ASM1.ora
[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.270 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:124]  Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.backend.USMInstance Method : configureLocalASM
[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.271 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:124]  Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel Method : performConfigureLocalASM
[main] [ 2024-05-21 17:33:56.271 CST ] [UsmcaLogger.logExit:124]  Exiting oracle.sysman.assistants.usmca.model.UsmcaModel Method : performOperation

--原因
卸载grid时进程未停止
清理磁盘头方式不对，建议
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100  方式清理磁盘头
虽然清理磁盘头有以下2种方式：
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100
或
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/ocr01 bs=1024 count=100

--解决办法
进行grid卸载，详细步骤看补充内容中的grid卸载章节。

脚本执行成功后点ok

这个报错是因为我们没有使用DNS做解析，可以忽略，点OK下一步

查看grid服务状态

[root@racdb01 etc]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status resource -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.OCR.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.asm
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01                  Started
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02                  Started
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03                  Started
ora.gsd
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb01
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb02
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb03
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.racdb01.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.racdb02.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
ora.racdb03.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01

补充

Device Checks for ASM

Device Checks for ASM - This is a pre-check to verify if the specified devices meet the requirements for configuration through the Oracle Universal Storage Manager Configuration Assistant.  Error: 
 - 
testosc:PRVF-7533 : Proper version of package "cvuqdisk" is not found on node "testosc" [Required = "1.0.9-1" ; Found = "1.0.10-1"].  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 
 - 
testosc:PRVF-7533 : Proper version of package "cvuqdisk" is not found on node "testosc" [Required = "1.0.9-1" ; Found = "1.0.10-1"].  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 
 - 
testosc:PRVF-7533 : Proper version of package "cvuqdisk" is not found on node "testosc" [Required = "1.0.9-1" ; Found = "1.0.10-1"].  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 

  Operation Failed on Nodes: [testosc,  testosb,  testosa]  
Verification result of failed node: testosc 

 Details: 
 - 
Unable to determine the shareability of device /dev/oracleasm/disks/GRID01 on nodes: testosa,testosb,testosc  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 
 - 
PRVF-9802 : Attempt to get udev info from node "testosc" failed  - Cause:  Attempt to read the udev permissions file failed, probably due to missing permissions directory, missing or invalid permissions file, or permissions file not accessible to use account running the check.  - Action:  Make sure that the udev permissions directory is created, the udev permissions file is available, and it has correct read permissions for access by the user running the check. 
Back to Top  
Verification result of failed node: testosb 

 Details: 
 - 
Unable to determine the shareability of device /dev/oracleasm/disks/GRID01 on nodes: testosa,testosb,testosc  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 
 - 
PRVF-9802 : Attempt to get udev info from node "testosb" failed  - Cause:  Attempt to read the udev permissions file failed, probably due to missing permissions directory, missing or invalid permissions file, or permissions file not accessible to use account running the check.  - Action:  Make sure that the udev permissions directory is created, the udev permissions file is available, and it has correct read permissions for access by the user running the check. 
Back to Top  
Verification result of failed node: testosa 

 Details: 
 - 
Unable to determine the shareability of device /dev/oracleasm/disks/GRID01 on nodes: testosa,testosb,testosc  - Cause: Cause Of Problem Not Available  - Action: User Action Not Available 
 - 
PRVF-9802 : Attempt to get udev info from node "testosa" failed  - Cause:  Attempt to read the udev permissions file failed, probably due to missing permissions directory, missing or invalid permissions file, or permissions file not accessible to use account running the check.  - Action:  Make sure that the udev permissions directory is created, the udev permissions file is available, and it has correct read permissions for access by the user running the check. 

这个报错可以忽略

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Network Time Protocol (NTP) - This task verifies cluster time synchronization on clusters that use Network Time Protocol (NTP).  Error: 
 - 
PRVF-5507 : NTP daemon or service is not running on any node but NTP configuration file exists on the following node(s): testosa  - Cause:  The configuration file was found on at least one node though no NTP daemon or service was running.  - Action:  If you plan to use CTSS for time synchronization then NTP configuration must be uninstalled on all nodes of the cluster. 

  Check Failed on Nodes: [testosc,  testosb,  testosa]  
Verification result of failed node: testosc 

 Details: 
 - 
PRVF-5402 : Warning: Could not find NTP configuration file "/etc/ntp.conf" on node "testosc"  - Cause:  NTP might not have been configured on the node, or NTP might have been configured with a configuration file different from the one indicated.  - Action:  Configure NTP on the node if not done so yet. Refer to your NTP vendor documentation for details. 
Back to Top  
Verification result of failed node: testosb 

 Details: 
 - 
PRVF-5402 : Warning: Could not find NTP configuration file "/etc/ntp.conf" on node "testosb"  - Cause:  NTP might not have been configured on the node, or NTP might have been configured with a configuration file different from the one indicated.  - Action:  Configure NTP on the node if not done so yet. Refer to your NTP vendor documentation for details. 
Back to Top  
Verification result of failed node: testosa 

#如上删除主节点的 /etc/ntp.conf 文件

Task resolv.conf Integerity

因为测试环境，没有使用DNS，删除resolv.conf文件即可。或者直接忽略该失败

mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf_bak

清除磁盘头

--问题
[root@icpspnet02 dev]# oracleasm createdisk asm_ocr1 /dev/mapper/asmtotal1
Device "/dev/mapper/asmtotal1" is already labeled for ASM disk "ASM_OCR1"

--解决办法
清理磁盘头
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdg1 bs=1024 count=100

创建磁盘
oracleasm init  加载内核后再创建
oracleasm createdisk asm_ocr1 /dev/mapper/asmtotal1

grid卸载

停止服务

--查看全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster -all

--查看全局的集群状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t

--停止全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）  正常关不了或某些组件失效时增加-f参数即force强制的意思
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all [-f]

--启动全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster -all

卸载GRID软件

su - grid
cd /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/deinstall/
./deinstall

按照提示默认来就行，最后会有一个要求用root用户执行的

/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/perl/bin/perl -I/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/perl/lib -I/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/crs/install /tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -force  -deconfig -paramfile "/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/response/deinstall_Ora11g_gridinfrahome1.rsp" -lastnode

这里要记得把crs的服务全部停止了，如果有部分无法停止，就直接ps -ef|grep pmon
然后KILL -9 PID
完成后，root执行的那个脚本过一会儿就会执行完成，然后deinstall 也可以按回车完成

删除相关目录下内容

--删除/opt/ORCLfmap/
[root@racdb01 opt]# rm -rf /opt/ORCLfmap/

--删除/etc/oracle/ 目录下ocr开头的文件
cd /etc/oracle
rm -rf *

--删除目录下内容
cd /oracle/app/grid
rm -rf *

cd /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
rm -rf *

cd /oracle/app/oraInventory
rm -rf *

cd /usr/local/bin/
rm -rf *

cd /tmp
rm -rf 属主属组是grid oinstall的文件和目录

清空ASM磁盘中的数据

清理磁盘头
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdg1 bs=1024 count=100

创建磁盘
oracleasm init  加载内核后再创建

oracleasm createdisk ocr01   /dev/sdb1
oracleasm createdisk ocr02   /dev/sdc1
oracleasm createdisk ocr03   /dev/sdd1
oracleasm createdisk data01  /dev/sde1
oracleasm createdisk data02  /dev/sdf1
oracleasm createdisk data03  /dev/sdg1

问题处理

--问题描述
清除磁盘头后，再次创建磁盘报错
[root@racdb01 grid]# oracleasm createdisk data01 /dev/sde1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: failed
Clearing disk header: done

--解决办法
重启oracleasm驱动再次创建磁盘成功
[root@racdb01 opt]# systemctl restart oracleasm

grid服务相关操作

单个节点服务操作

--检查CRS/OHAS是否配置开机自启  (只在一个节点上)
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl config crs
示例
[root@racdb01 etc]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl config crs
CRS-4622: Oracle High Availability Services autostart is enabled.

--若CRS/OHAS未配置开机自启，进行配置开机自启(只在一个节点上)
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl enable crs

--停止CRS/OHAS服务(只在一个节点上)
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl stop crs

--查看CRS/OHAS服务状态  磁盘挂载情况  (只在一个节点上)
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl status resource -t

--停止CRS/OHAS服务 (只在一个节点上)
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl start crs

全局即所有节点服务操作

--查看全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
$GRID_ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check cluster -all

示例
[root@racdb01 etc]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl  check cluster -all
**************************************************************
racdb01:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
racdb02:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
racdb03:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************

--停止全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）  正常关不了或某些组件失效时增加-f参数即force强制的意思
crsctl stop cluster -all [-f]

--启动全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
crsctl start cluster -all

ASM创建磁盘组

为了后期避免归档异常撑爆磁盘，只规划了OCR磁盘和DATA磁盘。

创建DATA磁盘

--调用图形化界面创建data磁盘
su - grid
asmca

创建好右下角exit退出即可

扩展

ASM AU size调整

补充

ASM AU

在ASM磁盘组中，最基本空间分配单位是allocation unit，简称AU，每个ASM的磁盘在初始化后都会被切割成一个一个的AU。

当磁盘组创建时，可以通过设置AU_SIZE的属性值，来指定AU的大小（在11.1版本以后），AU的大小可以是1，2，4，8，16，32，64MB，如果不指定AU的大小，默认值是1MB（Exadata下为4MB）。

AU size是磁盘组的属性（不是磁盘的属性，不是ASM实例的属性），因此每一个ASM磁盘组都可以有自己的AU size值。

ASM Extents

一个或多个AU组成一个extent，一个或多个ASM extent组成了一个ASM的文件，因此一个ASM文件逻辑上是由extent组成的。

需要区分物理extent和虚拟extent，一个虚拟extent或者说extent set

在外部冗余的磁盘组中，是由一个物理extent组成
在normal冗余的磁盘组中，是由至少2个物理extent组成
在一个high冗余的磁盘组中，由至少3个物理extent组成

在ASM 11.1版本之前，extent的大小是固定的，在ASM 11.1版本之后，出现了可变extent，可变extent的出现是为了更好的支持大数据文件，减少对ASM和数据库实例的SGA要求、提升创建文件和打开文件等操作的性能，初始化的extent大小等于磁盘组的AU_SIZE设定值，随着一个文件分配的extent越来越多，extent的size会按照4或16倍的AU_SIZE增大。这个特性在文件新建或者resize的时候自动起作用，当然ASM磁盘组的属性值COMPATIBLE.ASM 和COMPATIBLE.RDBMS要设置为大于等于11.1。

一个文件的extent大小变化规律遵循如下方式：

一个文件的前20000个extent set，extent的size等于磁盘组的AU_SIZE的设定值。

接下来的20000个extent set，extent的size等于磁盘组的AU_SIZE*4。

如果一个文件的总extent set数多于40000个，那么后面所有的extent的size等于磁盘组的AU_SIZE*16。

这个可变extent特性有一个烦人的BUG 8898852，更多信息可以参考MOS 965751.1。

译者注：我很怀疑可变extent能起到的效果，因为大部分用户添加数据文件时，一般会指定数据文件的大小，假如AU_SIZE设置成1M，那么只有大于20G的数据文件才会有一些extent的大小为4MB，而就我接触到的DBA来说，可能大部分DBA都会把数据文件的大小设置成20G左右。还有就是虽然Oracle中有bigfile表空间，但是用的人并不多。

ASM Mirroring

ASM的数据镜像功能用来保护数据的完整性，它是通过对一份数据在不同的磁盘多存储一份数据副本来做到这一点。当一个ASM的磁盘组被创建时，ASM管理员可以指定磁盘组的镜像方式：

External – 不提供镜像保护
Normal – 2副本
High – 3副本

ASM镜像的粒度是extent而非磁盘或者block，ASM中的镜像是通过对组成的每一个ASM文件的extent做镜像来实现的。在ASM中，我们可以指定每个文件的冗余级别。例如，一个在normal冗余的磁盘组中的文件，它的每一个extent可能会被镜像一次（默认行为），另一个文件，在相同的磁盘组，可能会被镜像二次，也就是三副本（假设磁盘组中至少有3个failgroup)，事实上，ASM元数据文件在normal冗余的磁盘组中就是做的三副本，这里同样需要磁盘组中至少要有3个failgroup。

译者注：在normal冗余的磁盘组中，会有文件被镜像两次，也就是三副本，对于这点不必怀疑，这些文件都是ASM的元数据文件，在后续的文章中，我们会多次看到这种现象。

ASM Failgroups

一个ASM磁盘组可以逻辑上被划分为一个一个的failgroup，failgroup需要在磁盘组创建指定，如果我们在创建磁盘组时，不指定failgroup ，那么ASM会自动把每一个磁盘作为一个failgroup，这一点可能在Exadata上会不一样，Exadata 下所有来自相同存储节点的磁盘会自动放入到一个failgroup ,即使你没有指定failgroup。

normal冗余的磁盘组要求至少2个failgroup，high冗余的磁盘组要求至少3个failgroup，external冗余模式的磁盘组不要求有failgroup。

当一个extent分配给一个具有双副本的文件时，ASM会分配一个primary copy 和一个 mirror copy，primary copy存储在一个磁盘，而mirror copy会存储在另外一个不同failgroup的磁盘上。

当向ASM磁盘组添加磁盘时，failgroup可以手工指定，ASM会智能的把磁盘添加到正确的failgroup中。

参考链接：Oracle ASM 翻译系列第一弹：基础知识 ASM AU，Extents，Mirroring 和 Failgroups_asm镜像粒度-CSDN博客

配置root环境变量

#把grid用户的Oracle_Home路径加入到每个节点的root环境变量里
[grid@racdb01:/home/grid]$env|grep ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid

[root@racdb01 ~]# grep PATH ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
export PATH
[root@racdb01 ~]# source .bash_profile


[root@racdb02 ~]# grep PATH ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
export PATH
[root@racdb02 ~]# source .bash_profile

[root@racdb03 ~]# grep PATH ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
export PATH
[root@racdb03 ~]# source .bash_profile

检查ocr信息

[root@racdb01 ~]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
	 Version                  :          3
	 Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
	 Used space (kbytes)      :       2728
	 Available space (kbytes) :     259392
	 ID                       :  875014256
	 Device/File Name         :       +OCR
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

	 Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

	 Logical corruption check succeeded

数据库软件的安装

安装日志位置：/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2024-05-22_11-50-17AM.log

上传安装包

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle

oracle用户解压安装包

su - oracle
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip


#启动vnc
[oracle@racdb01:/home/oracle]$vncserver

Warning: racdb01:1 is taken because of /tmp/.X11-unix/X1
Remove this file if there is no X server racdb01:1

Warning: racdb01:2 is taken because of /tmp/.X11-unix/X2
Remove this file if there is no X server racdb01:2

Warning: racdb01:3 is taken because of /tmp/.X11-unix/X3
Remove this file if there is no X server racdb01:3

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:
Verify:

New 'racdb01:5 (oracle)' desktop is racdb01:5

Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /home/oracle/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/racdb01:5.log

远程使用vnc客户端调用图形化界面进行安装

su - oracle
cd database
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

跳过软件更新

只安装数据库软件

检查各个节点的互信：

选择语言

选择企业版安装

指定安装位置

特权操作用户组

预安装检查

二者可忽略，下一步安装

这是linux7系统的bug，可以规避这个错误（加个参数）

根据提示找见这个文件：/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

为防止后期再次使用这个文件，先做个备份

cp /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk.bak

#如下176行加上 -lnnz11
vim /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
171 #===========================
172 #  emdctl
173 #===========================
174 
175 $(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
176         $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

修改好之后，点Retry

分别在3个节点执行脚本

--节点1
[root@racdb01 ~]# /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

--节点2
[root@racdb02 etc]# /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

--节点3
[root@racdb03 etc]# /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

创建数据库

使用dbca命令调出图像界面

redo文件大小更改和组数增加，默认50M 3组redo文件，更改成500M，可视业务情况更改更大。

生产环境redo文件至少200m一个，每个节点（线程）至少5个

集群资源检查

检查后进行重启操作系统验证能开机自启。

[root@racdb01 ~]# /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.OCR.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.asm
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01                  Started
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02                  Started
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03                  Started
ora.gsd
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb01
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb02
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      racdb03
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
               ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.racdb.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01                  Open
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02                  Open
      3        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03                  Open
ora.racdb01.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01
ora.racdb02.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb02
ora.racdb03.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb03
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       racdb01

参考链接：VMvare workstation创建Centos7.6虚拟机安装Oracle 11gR2 RAC 三节点（ASMlib管理asm磁盘）_oracle 11g rac asm-CSDN博客

补充

删除数据库实例

su - oracle
dbca

日志位置：/oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca

最后点击Cancel退出

卸载数据库软件

软件卸载操作流程：

执行deinstall 工具

默认回车

卸载数据库的类型：集群数据库，RAC,单节点，RAC的单节点，启动数据库： 3 RAC数据库

数据文件存储的类型：ASM or 文件系统选择：ASM

是否继续删除y

su - oracle
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/deinstall
./deinstall

--删除用户及用户(可选)
userdel -r oracle
groupdel dba
groupdel oinstall
groupdel oper
groupdel asmdba

卸载grid

停止服务

--查看全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster -all

--查看全局的集群状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t

--停止全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）  正常关不了或某些组件失效时增加-f参数即force强制的意思
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all [-f]

--启动全局的CRS/OHAS服务状态（包含所有节点）
/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster -all

卸载GRID软件

su - grid
cd /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid/deinstall/
./deinstall

按照提示默认来就行，最后会有一个要求用root用户执行的

/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/perl/bin/perl -I/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/perl/lib -I/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/crs/install /tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -force  -deconfig -paramfile "/tmp/deinstall2024-05-21_03-37-42PM/response/deinstall_Ora11g_gridinfrahome1.rsp" -lastnode

删除相关目录下内容

--删除/opt/ORCLfmap/
[root@racdb01 opt]# rm -rf /opt/ORCLfmap/

--删除/etc/oracle/ 目录下ocr开头的文件
cd /etc/oracle
rm -rf *

--删除目录下内容
cd /oracle/app/grid
rm -rf *

cd /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
rm -rf *

cd /oracle/app/oraInventory
rm -rf *

cd /usr/local/bin/
rm -rf *

--删除/tmp下安装临时信息
cd /tmp
rm -rf CVU*
rm -rf OraInstall*


rm -rf /etc/oraInst.loc
rm /etc/oratab

清空ASM磁盘中的数据

清理磁盘头
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdf1 bs=1024 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdg1 bs=1024 count=100

删除磁盘
oracleasm init  加载内核后再创建

oracleasm deletedisk ocr01  
oracleasm deletedisk ocr02  
oracleasm deletedisk ocr03  
oracleasm deletedisk data01 
oracleasm deletedisk data02 
oracleasm deletedisk data03

删除用户及用户组(可选)

--删除grid用户和属组
userdel -r grid
groupdel dba
groupdel oinstall
groupdel oper
groupdel asmadmin
groupdel asmoper
groupdel asmdba

问题处理

--问题描述
清除磁盘头后，再次创建磁盘报错
[root@racdb01 grid]# oracleasm createdisk data01 /dev/sdg1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: failed
Clearing disk header: done

--解决办法
重启oracleasm驱动再次创建磁盘成功
[root@racdb01 opt]# systemctl restart oracleasm

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Centos7.9上安装Oracle 11gR2 RAC 三节点（ASMlib管理asm磁盘）

ASMLib 由以下组件组成开源 (GPL) 内核模块包：kmod-oracleasm开源 (GPL) 实用程序包：oracleasm-support闭源（专有）库包：oracleasmlib如果是Oracle Linux系统，并且是使用了带uek内核的方式启动的（uname -a确认），则只需要安装"oracleasm-support"和“oracleasmlib”即可。
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