mysql基础

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-18 13:59:12 发布

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1. 关系型数据库介绍

1.1 数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有：层次模型、网状结构、关系模型

关系模型：

二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系型数据库管理系统：Relational，RDBMS

1.2 RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL

SQL： Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言

约束： constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）。
- 一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
- 一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束

索引： 将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

1.3 关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有：
数据库database、表：table，由行（row）和列（column）组成、索引：index、视图：view、用户：user、权限：privilege、存储过程：procedure、存储函数：function、触发器：trigger、事件调度器：event scheduler

1.4 SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型：

DDL：Data Defination Language，数据定义语言
- CREATE：创建
- DROP：删除
- ALTER：修改
DML：Data Manipulation Language，数据操纵语言
- INSERT：向表中插入数据
- DELETE：删除表中数据
- UPDATE：更新表中数据
- SELECT：查询表中数据
DCL：Data Control Language，数据控制语言
- GRANT：授权
- REVOKE：移除授权

2. mysql安装与配置

2.1 mysql安装

mysql安装方式有三种：

源代码：编译安装
二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
程序包管理器管理的程序包：
- rpm：有两种
  - OS Vendor：操作系统发行商提供的
  - 项目官方提供的
- deb

#配置mysql的yum源
wget -O /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm \
http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

#安装mysql5.7
yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client  \
mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel

#配置mysql的yum源
[root@node01-linux ~]# yum -y install wget
···

[root@node01-linux ~]# wget -O /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

[root@node01-linux ~]# rpm -Uvh /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
warning: /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-10 ################################# [100%]

#安装mysql5.7
[root@node01-linux ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel
···
Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                           
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                           
  mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                            
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                             
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                      
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.30-1.el7                           

Dependency Installed:
  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7                            

Dependency Updated:
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7                                          

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                                     

Complete!

2.2 mysql配置

#启动mysql并设置开机自动启动
[root@node01-linux ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@node01-linux ~]# systemctl status mysqld

#确保3306端口已经监听起来
[root@node01-linux ~]# ss -antl

#在日志文件中找出临时密码
[root@node01-linux ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

#使用获取到的临时密码登录mysql
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ykp<ibcSF5ra'
或者
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 	//此处输入密码，可以直接复制你的密码粘贴至此处，也可手动输入
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 		//看到有这样的标识符则表示成功登录了

//57版本
#查看密码策略
show variables like '%validate_password_policy%';
show variables like '%validate_password_length%';

#修改密码策略
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;		#设置为弱口令
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;		#密码最小长度为1
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


//永久修改密码策略解决办法：

1、查看 mysql 初始的密码策略，
输入语句 “ SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; ” 进行查看，

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; 
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2、首先需要设置密码的验证强度等级，设置 validate_password_policy 的全局参数为 LOW 即可，
输入设值语句 “ set global validate_password_policy=LOW; ” 进行设值，

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF   |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 8     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//修改mysql登录密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye


//为避免mysql自动升级，这里需要卸载最开始安装的yum源
[root@node01-linux ~]# rpm -e mysql57-community-release

2.3 mariadb安装与配置

安装mariadb相关包


[root@node02-linux ~]# yum -y install mariadb*

2.4 mariadb安装与配置

#启动mariadb并设置开机自动启动
[root@node02-linux ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
[root@node02-linux ~]# systemctl status mariadb

#确保3306端口已经监听起来

#默认root账户登陆，不需要密码
[root@node02-linux ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

//修改mariadb登录密码，用password函数加密
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('mysql123456');

//登陆
[root@node02-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456'
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

3. mysql的程序组成

客户端

mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序（图形化navicat收费workbench免费开源）
mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
mysqldump：mysql备份工具
mysqladmin

服务器端

mysqld

3.1 mysql工具使用

//语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
//常用的OPTIONS：
	-uUSERNAME      //指定用户名，默认为root
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
    -V              //查看当前使用的mysql版本
    -e          //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本


[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

//mysql数据库设置远程连接权限
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@192.168.67.131 identified by 'mysql123456';


[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456' -h192.168.67.131
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 


//注意，不推荐直接在命令行里直接用-pPASSWORD的方式登录，而是使用-p选项，然后交互式输入密码
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.67.131
Enter password: mysql123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

//不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.67.131 -e 'show databases;'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456' -h192.168.67.131 -e 'use mysql;show tables'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456' -h192.168.67.131 -e 'use mysql;show tables'|grep plugin
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
plugin

3.2 服务器监听的两种socket地址

socket类型
ip socket:

默认监听在tcp的3306端口，支持远程通信

unix sock:

监听在sock文件上（/tmp/mysql.sock，/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock）
仅支持本地通信
server地址只能是：localhost，127.0.0.1

[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456' -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 25
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit
Bye

4. mysql数据库操作

4.1 DDL操作

4.1.1 数据库操作

//创建数据库
//语法：CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';

//创建数据库school
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

//查看当前实例有哪些数据库
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

//删除数据库
//语法：DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';
//删除数据库shcool
mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS school;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.1.2 表操作

//创建表
//语法：CREATE TABLE table_name (col1 datatype 修饰符,col2 datatype 修饰符) ENGINE='存储引擎类型';
//在数据库wangqingge里创建表school

mysql> CREATE DATABASE school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> USE school
Database changed


mysql> CREATE TABLE linux (id int NOT NULL,name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,age tinyint NOT NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

//查看当前数据库有哪些表
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| linux            |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看具体表的结构
mysql> DESC linux;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

//查找数据
mysql> SELECT * FROM linux;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

//删除表
mysql> DROP TABLE linux;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

//创建主键约束表
mysql> create table zhangchaoqun(id int primary key auto_increment not null,name varchar(100) not null,age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc zhangchaoqun;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.1.3 用户操作

mysql用户帐号由两部分组成，如’USERNAME’@‘HOST’，表示此USERNAME只能从此HOST上远程登录

这里（‘USERNAME’@‘HOST’）的HOST用于限制此用户可通过哪些主机远程连接mysql程序，其值可为：
IP地址，如：172.16.12.129

通配符

%：匹配任意长度的任意字符，常用于设置允许从任何主机登录
_：匹配任意单个字符

//数据库用户创建
//语法：CREATE USER 'username'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'];
//创建数据库用户linux
mysql> CREATE USER 'linux'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

//使用新创建的用户和密码登陆
[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -ulinux -p'mysql123456' -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

//删除数据库用户
//语法：DROP USER 'username'@'host';

mysql> DROP USER 'linux'@'127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4.1.4 查看命令SHOW

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;		//查看支持的所有字符集

mysql> SHOW ENGINES;			//查看当前数据库支持的所有存储引擎
mysql> SHOW ENGINES\G		//以记录的形式显示数据库支持的所有存储引擎

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;		//查看数据库信息
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM school;		//不进入某数据库而列出其包含的所有表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| linux            |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看表结构
//语法：DESC [db_name.]table_name;
mysql> DESC school.linux;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)

//查看某数据库的创建命令
//语法：SHOW CREATE DATABASE table_name;
mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE school;
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                   |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| school   | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


//查看某表的创建命令
//语法：SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE school.linux;
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                      |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| linux | CREATE TABLE `linux` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `age` tinyint(4) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


//查看某表的状态
//语法：SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'table_name'\G
mysql> USE school;							//进入数据库school
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'linux'\G		//查看wangqing表的状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: linux
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2020-05-21 16:03:24
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.1.5 获取帮助

//获取命令使用帮助
//语法：HELP keyword;

mysql> HELP CREATE TABLE;		 //获取创建表的帮助
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
    [IGNORE | REPLACE]
    [AS] query_expression
···
···
···

4.2 DML操作

**DML操作包括增(INSERT)、删(DELETE)、改(UPDATE)、查(SELECT)，均属针对表的操作。**

4.2.1 INSERT语句

//DML操作之增操作insert
//语法：INSERT [INTO] table_name [(column_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} (value1,...),(...),...
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| linux            |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO linux (id,name,age) VALUE(1,'tom',19);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO linux VALUES(2,'jerry',20),(3,'zhang',21),(4,'li',22),(5,'wang',23);		//一次插入多条记录
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

4.2.2 SELECT语句

字段column表示法

表示符	代表什么？
*	所有字段
as	字段别名，如col1 AS alias1 当表名很长时用别名代替

条件判断语句WHERE

操作类型	常用操作符
操作符	>，<，>=，<=，=，!= BETWEEN column# AND column# LIKE：模糊匹 RLIKE：基于正则表达式进行模式匹配 IS NOT NULL：非空 IS NULL：空

ORDER BY：排序，默认为升序（ASC）

ORDER BY语句	意义
ORDER BY ‘column_name’	根据column_name进行升序排序
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ DESC	根据column_name进行降序排序
ORDER BY ’column_name’ LIMIT 2	根据column_name进行升序排序并只取前2个结果
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ LIMIT 1,2	根据column_name进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果

GROUP BY 语句	意义
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name;	GROUP BY 语句用于结合聚合函数，根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。

//DML操作之查操作select
//语法：SELECT column1,column2,... FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> SELECT * FROM linux;
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
+----+-------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select id as 学号,age from linux;		//字段别名，临时生成表
+--------+-----+
| 学号   | age |
+--------+-----+
|      1 |  19 |
|      2 |  20 |
|      3 |  21 |
|      4 |  22 |
|      5 |  23 |
+--------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT name FROM linux;		//查看name字段
+-------+
| name  |
+-------+
| tom   |
| jerry |
| zhang |
| li    |
| wang  |
+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age = 20;		//查看age为20记录
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
+----+-------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name from linux where age = 20;		//查看age为20，只看name名字
+-------+
| name  |
+-------+
| jerry |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@node01-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysql123456' -e 'select name from school.linux where age = 20;'|awk 'NR==2'		//在外面查询age为20的name为jerry名称
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
jerry

mysql> select * from linux where age = 20 and name = 'jerry';		//查看age为20,并且name为jerry
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
+----+-------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age = 20 or name = 'zhang';		//查看age为20或name为zhang
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
+----+-------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age between 20 and 22;		//age在20和22之间的
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
+----+-------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age >= 20 and age <= 22;		//age在大于等于20，小于等于22之间
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
+----+-------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age like '2_';		//age像2的，_ 表示匹配任意单个字符
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
+----+-------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where age like '2%';		//age像2的，% 表示匹配任意长度的任意字符
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
+----+-------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//RLIKE：基于正则表达式进行模式匹配, ^[a-z]{3}$表示三个字母
mysql> select * from linux where name rlike '^[a-z]{3}$';
+----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
|  1 | tom  |  19 |
+----+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where name rlike '^...$';
+----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
|  1 | tom  |  19 |
+----+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux where name rlike '^t';
+----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
|  1 | tom  |  19 |
+----+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//IS NOT NULL：非空
mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
|  3 | sun   | NULL |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun where age is not null;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//IS NULL：空
mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun where age is null;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  3 | sun  | NULL |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun where age is not null order by age;		//按照年龄排序，age不为空
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT * FROM linux ORDER BY age;		//按照年龄排序，默认升序
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
+----+-------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM linux ORDER BY age limit 2;			//取出年龄最小的2个；排序后的前两名
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
+----+-------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//排序后，跳过第一个，只取一个
mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
|  3 | sun   | NULL |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun order by age;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  3 | sun   | NULL |
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun order by age limit 1,1;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
+----+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM linux ORDER BY age DESC;		//按照年龄降序
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
+----+-------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux order by age desc limit 1;		//龄最大的
+----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
|  5 | wang |  23 |
+----+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

演示GROUP BY 语句：

mysql> create database if not exists Internet;		创建数据库Internet
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;		//查看当前有哪些数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Internet           |
| Store_Information  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| zcq                |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use Internet;		//进入Internet数据库
Database changed

mysql> create table Websites		//创建表Websites
    -> (id int primary key auto_increment not null,
    -> name varchar(100) not null, 
    -> url varchar(100) not null,
    -> alexa int not null, 
    -> country varchar(10) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> desc Websites;		//查看表结构
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name    | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| url     | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| alexa   | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| country | varchar(10)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into Websites (name,url,alexa,country) values		//一次插入多条记录
    -> ('google','https://www.google.cogle.cm/',1,'USA'),
    -> ('taobao','https://www.taobao.com/',13,'CN'),
    -> ('runoob','http://www.runow.runoob.com/',4689,'CN'),
    -> ('weibo','http://weibo.com/',20,'CN'),
    -> ('Facebook','https:/ www./www.facebook.com/',3,'USA'),
    -> ('stackoverflow','http://stackoverflow.com/',0,'IND');
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


mysql> select * from Websites;		//查询financial_report表
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name          | url                       | alexa | country |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
|  7 | google        | https://www.google.cm/    |     1 | USA     |
|  8 | taobao        | https://www.taobao.com/   |    13 | CN      |
|  9 | runoob        | http://www.runoob.com/    |  4689 | CN      |
| 10 | weibo         | http://weibo.com/         |    20 | CN      |
| 11 | Facebook      | https://www.facebook.com/ |     3 | USA     |
| 12 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ |     0 | IND     |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table access_log		//创建表access_log
    -> (aid int primary key auto_increment not null,
    -> site_id int not null,
    -> count int not null,
    -> date date not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc access_log;		//查看表结构
+---------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| aid     | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| site_id | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| count   | int(11) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date    | date    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into access_log (site_id,count,date) values		//一次插入多条记录
    -> (7,50,'2020-05-20'),
    -> (8,100,''2020-05-20'),
    -> (10,300,'2020-05-21'),
    -> (7,150,'2020-05-23'),
    -> (8,200,'2020-05-23'),
    -> (9,150,,'2020-05-23'),
    -> (10,150,'2020-05-23'),
    -> (8,400,'2020-05-24'),
    -> (11,150,'2020-05-24');
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 9  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from access_log;		//查询access_log表
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| aid | site_id | count | date       |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
|   1 |       7 |    50 | 2020-05-20 |
|   2 |       8 |   100 | 2020-05-20 |
|   3 |      10 |   300 | 2020-05-21 |
|   4 |       7 |   150 | 2020-05-23 |
|   5 |       8 |   200 | 2020-05-23 |
|   6 |       9 |   150 | 2020-05-23 |
|   7 |      10 |   150 | 2020-05-23 |
|   8 |       8 |   400 | 2020-05-24 |
|   9 |      11 |   150 | 2020-05-24 |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//GROUP BY 简单应用
统计 access_log 各个 site_id 的访问量：
mysql> select site_id,SUM(access_log.count) AS nums
    -> from access_log GROUP BY site_id;
+---------+------+
| site_id | nums |
+---------+------+
|       7 |  200 |
|       8 |  700 |
|       9 |  150 |
|      10 |  450 |
|      11 |  150 |
+---------+------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

//SQL GROUP BY 多表连接
下面的 SQL 语句统计有记录的网站的记录数量：
mysql> SELECT Websites.name,COUNT(access_log.aid) AS nums FROM access_log
    -> LEFT JOIN Websites
    -> ON access_log.site_id=Websites.id
    -> GROUP BY Websites.name;
+----------+------+
| name     | nums |
+----------+------+
| Facebook |    1 |
| google   |    2 |
| runoob   |    1 |
| taobao   |    3 |
| weibo    |    2 |
+----------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.2.3 update语句

//DML操作之改操作update
//语法：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1[,column2 = new_value2,...] [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  2 | tom   |   22 |
|  3 | sun   | NULL |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update zhangchaoqun set age = 23 where name = 'sun';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun where name ='sun';
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  3 | sun  |   23 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.2.4 delete语句

mysql> delete from zhangchaoqun where id = 2;		//删除某条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  3 | sun   |   23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux;		//排序后删除
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
|  5 | wang  |  23 |
+----+-------+-----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux order by age desc limit 1;
+----+------+-----+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+-----+
|  5 | wang |  23 |
+----+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from linux order by age desc limit 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux;
+----+-------+-----+
| id | name  | age |
+----+-------+-----+
|  1 | tom   |  19 |
|  2 | jerry |  20 |
|  3 | zhang |  21 |
|  4 | li    |  22 |
+----+-------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from linux;		//删除整张表的内容
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from linux;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc linux;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.2.5 truncate语句

truncate与delete的区别：

语句类型	特点
delete	DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表结构 DELETE语句每次删除一行，并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据非常占用空间
truncate	删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据不能用于加入了索引视图的表

语句类型

特点

delete

DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表结构
DELETE语句每次删除一行，并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项
可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据
非常占用空间

truncate

删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复
表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值
执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少
通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放
对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据
不能用于加入了索引视图的表

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | jerry |   21 |
|  3 | sun   |   23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate zhangchaoqun;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from zhangchaoqun;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc zhangchaoqun;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.3 DCL操作

4.3.1 创建授权grant

权限类型(priv_type)

权限类型	作用
ALL	所有权限
SELECT	读取内容的权限
INSERT	插入内容的权限
UPDATE	更新内容的权限
DELETE	删除内容的权限

指定要操作的对象db_name.table_name

表示方式	意义
.	所有库的所有表
db_name	指定库的所有表
db_name.table_name	指定库的指定表

WITH GRANT OPTION：被授权的用户可将自己的权限副本转赠给其他用户，说白点就是将自己的权限完全复制给另一个用户。不建议使用。

GRANT priv_type,... ON [object_type] db_name.table_name TO ‘username'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] [WITH GRANT OPTION];

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Internet           |
| Store_Information  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| zcq                |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//授权zhangsan用户在数据库本机上登录访问所有数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangsan123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangsan123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权zhangsan用户在172.16.12.129上远程登录访问school数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON school.* TO 'zhangsan'@'192.168.67.131' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangsan123456'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权zhangsan用户在所有位置上远程登录访问school数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zhangsan123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.3.2 查看授权

//查看当前登录用户的授权信息
mysql> SHOW GRANTS;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查看指定用户zhangsan的授权信息
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'zhangsan';
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zhangsan@%                         |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'zhangsan'@'localhost';
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zhangsan@localhost                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'zhangsan'@'127.0.0.1';
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zhangsan@127.0.0.1                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'127.0.0.1' |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.3.3 取消授权REVOKE

//语法：REVOKE priv_type,... ON db_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'host';

mysql> REVOKE ALL ON *.* FROM 'zhangsan'@'192.168.67.131';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意：mysql服务进程启动时会读取mysql库中的所有授权表至内存中：

GRANT或REVOKE等执行权限操作会保存于表中，mysql的服务进程会自动重读授权表，并更新至内存中
对于不能够或不能及时重读授权表的命令，可手动让mysql的服务进程重读授权表

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

//查看授权表
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;		//user表存放用户
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

实例

1.搭建mysql服务

2.创建一个以你名字为名的数据库，并创建一张表student，该表包含三个字段（id，name，age），表结构如下：

mysql> desc student;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE DATABASE zcq;			//创建数据库名为"zcq"
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;		//查看数据库信息
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| zcq                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> USE zcq;		//进入zcq数据库
Database changed

mysql> create table student
    -> (id int primary key auto_increment not null,
    -> name varchar(100) not null,
    -> age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zcq |
+---------------+
| student       |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc student;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.查看下该新建的表有无内容（用select语句）

mysql> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

4.往新建的student表中插入数据（用insert语句），结果应如下所示：

+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|  7 | lisi        | NULL |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+

mysql> INSERT INTO student (name,age) values('tom',20),		//一次插入多条记录
    -> ('jerry',23),('zcq',24),('sean',28),('zhangsan',26),('zhangsan',20),
    -> ('lisi',NULL),('chenshuo',10),('wangwu',3),('qiuyi',15),('qiiuxiaotian',20);
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 11  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;		//查看student表
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | zcq         |   24 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan    |   26 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
|  7 | lisi        | NULL |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.修改lisi的年龄为50

mysql> update student set age = 50 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student where name = 'lisi';
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi |   50 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.以age字段降序排序

mysql> select * from student order by age desc;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan    |   26 |
|  3 | zcq         |   24 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.查询student表中年龄最小的3位同学跳过前2位

mysql> select * from student order by age limit 2,3;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.查询student表中年龄最大的4位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age desc limit 4;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  7 | lisi     |   50 |
|  4 | sean     |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan |   26 |
|  3 | zcq      |   24 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.查询student表中名字叫zhangsan的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangsan';
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  5 | zhangsan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangsan |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10.查询student表中名字叫zhangshan且年龄大于20岁的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangsan' and age > 20;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  5 | zhangsan |   26 |
+----+----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11.查询student表中年龄在23到30之间的记录

mysql> select * from student where age between 23 and 30;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  2 | jerry    |   23 |
|  3 | zcq      |   24 |
|  4 | sean     |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan |   26 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student where age >= 23 and age <= 30;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  2 | jerry    |   23 |
|  3 | zcq      |   24 |
|  4 | sean     |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan |   26 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.修改wangwu的年龄为100

mysql> update student set age = 100 where name = 'wangwu';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student where name = 'wangwu';
+----+--------+------+
| id | name   | age  |
+----+--------+------+
|  9 | wangwu |  100 |
+----+--------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

13.删除student中名字叫zhangsan且年龄小于等于20的记录

mysql> delete from student where  age <= 20 and name = 'zhangsan';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | zcq         |   24 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangsan    |   26 |
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |  100 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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mysql基础

mysql基础1. 关系型数据库介绍1.1 数据结构模型1.2 RDBMS专业名词1.3 关系型数据库的常见组件1.4 SQL语句2. mysql安装与配置2.1 mysql安装2.2 mysql配置2.3 mariadb安装与配置2.4 mariadb安装与配置3. mysql的程序组成3.1 mysql工具使用3.2 服务器监听的两种socket地址4. mysql数据库操作4.1 DDL操作4.1.1 数据库操作1. 关系型数据库介绍1.1 数据结构模型数据结构模型主要有：层次模型、网状结构
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