部署LAMP动静分离
1 . LAMP动静分离
- 当需要搭建一个高效的web架构时，采用动静分离无疑是最好的选择；LAMP架构是目前最成熟的企业网站应用模式之一，指的是协同工作的一整套系统和相关软件，能够提供动态web站点服务及其应用开发环境。
- PHP在LAMP环境下共有三种工作模式：CGI 模式、apache 模块、FastCGI （FCGI）模式。CGI 模式下运行 PHP，性能不是很好。FastCGI 的方式和 apache 模块的不同点在于：FastCGI 方式 PHP 是一处独立的进程，所有 PHP 子进程都由 PHP 的一个叫做php-fpm 的组件负责管理；而 apache 模块化方式运行的 PHP，则是 apache 负责调用 PHP 完成工作。PHP 的 FastCGI 方式性能要比 apache模块化方式强很多。
- FastCGI 的工作机制
- 客户端发起请求，请求分为 2 种，一种是静态请求它可以直接由 Apache 直接响应返回；另一种是动态的请求，如其中包含中 php或者 Perl 这种脚本解释性语言，则由 Apache 服务器通过fastcgi协议调用php服务器执行并返回给Apache由Apache返回解释执行后的结果，如果这个过程中涉及到对数据的操作，此时 php 服务器还会还会通过 Mysql 协议调用 MYSQL服务器。
示意图：
2 . LAMP的安装与配置
环境部署：
| 系统 | 主机名 | 服务 | IP |
|---|---|---|---|
| CentOS 7 | node01 | httpd | 192.168.25.131 |
| CentOS 7 | node02 | mysql | 192.168.25.132 |
| CentOS 7 | node03 | php | 192.168.25.133 |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
httpd --> mysql --> php
注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
配置httpd
#YUM源配置
[root@node01-Linux ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@node01-Linux ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@node01-Linux yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@node01-Linux yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@node01-Linux ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@node01-Linux ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@node01-Linux ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim
#安装开发工具包
[root@node01-Linux ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
#创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@node01-Linux ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
#安装依赖包
[root@node01-Linux ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++
#下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@node01-Linux ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@node01-Linux src]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels
[root@node01-Linux src]# yum -y install bzip2 //安装bzip2包
[root@node01-Linux src]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 debug
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 kernels
[root@node01-Linux src]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@node01-Linux apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
#$RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行
#编译
[root@node01-Linux apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
#编译并安装
[root@node01-Linux apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
[root@node01-Linux apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@node01-Linux apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@node01-Linux apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
#编译安装httpd
[root@node01-Linux ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@node01-Linux src]# wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 debug kernels
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2
[root@node01-Linux src]# cd httpd-2.4.43
[root@node01-Linux httpd-2.4.43]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@node01-Linux httpd-2.4.43]# make && make install
#安装后配置
[root@node01-Linux ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@node01-Linux ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@node01-Linux ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/apache
[root@node01-Linux ~]# echo 'MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man_db.conf
#取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@node01-Linux httpd24]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#启动apache
[root@node01-Linux ~]# apachectl start
[root@node01-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
#关闭防火墙
[root@node01-Linux ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node01-Linux ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
配置mysql
#安装依赖包
[root@node02-Linux ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
#创建用户和组
[root@node02-Linux ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -u 306 mysql
#下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@node02-Linux ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@node02-Linux src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
#解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@node02-Linux src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node02-Linux src]# ls /usr/local/
apache bin include libexec share
apr etc lib mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 src
apr-util games lib64 sbin
#创建软连接
[root@node02-Linux local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[root@node02-Linux local]# ll
...
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Jul 8 22:17 mysql -> mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
...
#修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@node02-Linux ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
[root@node02-Linux ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 8 22:17 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
#添加环境变量
[root@node02-Linux ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@node02-Linux ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@node02-Linux ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
#建立数据存放目录
[root@node02-Linux ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@node02-Linux ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@node02-Linux ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 8 22:49 data
#初始化数据库
[root@node02-Linux ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
#配置mysql
[root@node02-Linux mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@node02-Linux ~]# echo 'MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man' >> /etc/man_db.conf
[root@node02-Linux ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@node02-Linux ~]# ldconfig
#生成配置文件
[root@node02-Linux ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF
#配置服务启动脚本
[root@node02-Linux ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node02-Linux ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node02-Linux ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
#启动mysql
[root@node02-Linux ~]# service mysqld start
[root@node02-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
#设置新密码
[root@node02-Linux ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('zcq996616');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@node02-Linux ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
配置php
#配置yum源
[root@node03-Linux ~]# wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
[root@node03-Linux ~]# rpm -Uvh remi-release-7.rpm
[root@node03-Linux ~]# yum clean all //清理缓存
[root@node03-Linux ~]# yum makecache --enablerepo=remi-php74 //建立缓存
[root@node03-Linux ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim
[root@node03-Linux ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++
[root@node03-Linux src]# yum -y install bzip2
#安装依赖包
[root@node03-Linux ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php72-php-mysqlnd
#下载php
[root@node03-Linux ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@node03-Linux ~]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
#编译安装php
[root@node03-Linux src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@node03-Linux src]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# make install
#安装后配置
[root@node03-Linux ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@node03-Linux ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@node03-Linux ~]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@node03-Linux ~]# php -v //版本号
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Jul 9 2020 00:07:29) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
#配置php-fpm
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini //解压目录
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm //解压目录
[root@node03-Linux php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@node03-Linux ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@node03-Linux ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
#编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
#配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@node03-Linux ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
#启动php-fpm
[root@node03-Linux ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
#默认情况下，fpm监听在127.0.0.1的9000端口，也可以使用如下命令验证其是否已经监听在相应的套接字
[root@node03-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
[root@node03-Linux ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000
[root@node03-Linux ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@node03-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
#设置开机启用
[root@node03-Linux ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@node03-Linux ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node03-Linux ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
配置apache
#启用httpd的相关模块
[root@node01-Linux ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@node01-Linux ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@node03-Linux ~]# cat > /Discuz/index.php <<EOF
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF
[root@node01-Linux ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@node01-Linux ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 39 Jul 9 09:36 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
#在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
[root@node01-Linux ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
ServerName www.11lhz.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://192.168.25.133:9000/Discuz/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#搜索AddType，添加以下内容
[root@node01-Linux ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps #添加此行
[root@node01-Linux ~]# sed -i '/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#重启apache服务
[root@node01-Linux ~]# apachectl stop
[root@node01-Linux ~]# apachectl start
[root@node03-Linux ~]# service php-fpm restart
3 . 验证
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