kvm虚拟化
1 . 虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是通过Hypervisor 的程序将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
- 全虚拟化
- 半虚拟化
全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型
理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
2 . kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
3 . kvm部署
环境说明：
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3.1 kvm安装
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
#设置防火墙、selinux
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@node06-Linux ~]# sed -ri 's/(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@node06-Linux ~]# reboot
#配置网络源
[root@node06-Linux ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@node06-Linux ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@node06-Linux ~]# sed -ri 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@node06-Linux ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum clean all //清理缓存
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum makecache fast //建立缓存
#安装常用工具包
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
#验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@node06-Linux ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
#kvm安装
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
# 因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 \
# KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 \
# 其他服务器处于同一网段
#此处我的网卡是eth0，所以用br0来桥接eth0网卡
[root@node06-Linux network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0
[root@node06-Linux network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE="Bridge"
NM_CONTROLLED=on
BOOTPROTO="static"
NAME="br0"
UUID="c6dcea3d-cb76-4c30-93df-01b03f025071"
DEVICE="br0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.25.136
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.25.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@node06-Linux network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
NAME="eth0"
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
#重启网络
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:05:09:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:05:09:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.25.136/24 brd 192.168.25.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::6c83:7fff:fe2e:a713/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#启动服务
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
#验证安装结果
[root@node06-Linux ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
#测试并验证安装结果
[root@node06-Linux ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
[root@node06-Linux ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@node06-Linux ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 5 10:11 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@node06-Linux ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
#查看网桥信息
[root@node06-Linux ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29050977 no eth0
virbr0 8000.525400c712a6 yes virbr0-nic
#编辑配置文件
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart sshd
#添加硬盘
[root@node06-Linux ~]# shutdown -h now
#查看
[root@node06-Linux ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.6G 16G 10% /
devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.9G 12M 2.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 144M 871M 15% /boot
tmpfs 586M 0 586M 0% /run/user/0
[root@node06-Linux ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
[root@node06-Linux ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa42f63df.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@node06-Linux ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@node06-Linux ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1
[root@node06-Linux ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12799, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@node06-Linux ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
[root@node06-Linux ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="3b7315d4-6e6b-471e-be0a-dffbb55ce674" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="B0RSat-045j-M9AZ-NlIN-mCFL-aAVv-d5K3tk" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="834f663c-1a48-41f2-9cd6-0e7067e64281" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-05-03-20-55-23-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="08b557c0-976e-463f-8f78-d8ab5e1c0905" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="2eedffb4-cc19-47ed-be91-00a7c44682d2" TYPE="swap"
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/fstab
...
UUID="834f663c-1a48-41f2-9cd6-0e7067e64281" /storage xfs defaults 0 0
...
#创建目录
[root@node06-Linux ~]# mkdir /storage
[root@node06-Linux ~]# mount -a
[root@node06-Linux ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.6G 16G 10% /
devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.9G 12M 2.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 144M 871M 15% /boot
tmpfs 586M 0 586M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 100G 33M 100G 1% /storage
3 . 2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
#安装依赖包
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
#升级pip
[root@node06-Linux ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
#从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@node06-Linux ~]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
#安装webvirtmgr
[root@node06-Linux ~]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@node06-Linux webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
#检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@node06-Linux webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr 2 2020, 13:16:51)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
#初始化帐号信息
[root@node06-Linux webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 996616@qq.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: //置超级管理员密码
Password (again): //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
#拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@node06-Linux ~]# mkdir /var/www
[root@node06-Linux ~]# cp -r webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ls /var/www/
webvirtmgr
[root@node06-Linux ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
#生成密钥
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:03cmeR8SuCFniCUdvjcWiBpSFngoUnMEGUcNJvlwIZ4 root@node06-Linux.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .BB@B...o. |
|.o+@+.. *.o . |
|. E=.. o = * . |
| o o .= +.. |
| . S..=+.+. |
| .o..=...|
| .|
| |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
#由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.25.136
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.25.136 (192.168.25.136)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:D3j3qEhTGF+HbBde1WzL5n/50s/XqRF0ZritvcRcfrE.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:e5:be:3a:b9:16:cd:f7:b0:02:72:5d:f4:e8:02:a1:fa.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.25.136's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.25.136'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
#配置端口转发
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ssh 192.168.25.136 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last failed login: Wed Aug 5 11:06:28 CST 2020 from 192.168.25.136 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Wed Aug 5 10:31:44 2020 from 192.168.25.1
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
#配置nginx
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
#确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000'
#重启nginx
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
#设置supervisor
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
#启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
#配置nginx用户
[root@node06-Linux ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:oi/223+VbDLMVOp998pvHzwheYorTCHnZ37jymbYSx0 nginx@node06-Linux.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| |
| . |
| o |
| . o o . |
| . S .= E + |
| . . o oO % +|
| . o *o B =o|
| o. . +o=o+ =|
| . o+...=*=.+++|
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.25.136
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.25.136' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.25.136's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.25.136'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
3 . 3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：http://192.168.25.136/login
3.3.1 kvm连接管理
创建SSH连接：
3.3.2 kvm存储管理
创建存储：
进入存储：
通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@node06-Linux ~]# ls /storage/
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso
在 web 界面查看ISO镜像是否存在
创建系统安装镜像
添加成功如下图所示
3.3.3 kvm网络管理
添加桥接网络
3.3.4 实例管理
实例(虚拟机)创建
虚拟机插入光盘
设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码
启动虚拟机
虚拟机安装
4.故障案例
4.1 案例1
web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
解决方法是安装novnc并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc
[root@node06-Linux ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@node06-Linux ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 192.168.25.136:5920 &
[root@node06-Linux ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@node06-Linux ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to ‘nohup.out’
做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问
4.2 案例2
第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)
此时需要对nginx进行配置
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行配置
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart nginx
然后对系统参数进行设置
[root@node06-Linux ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
[root@node06-Linux ~]# systemctl restart nginx
到此问题即可解决
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