注解:@RequestParam、 @RequestBody、@ResponseBody、@PathVariable @RequestHeader

####1. @RequestMapping

RequestMapping是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解,可用于类或方法上。用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。

RequestMapping注解有六个属性,下面我们把她分成三类进行说明。

1.1、 value, method;
value: 指定请求的实际地址,指定的地址可以是URI Template 模式(后面将会说明);
method: 指定请求的method类型, GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等;
#####示例:
1、value / method 示例
默认RequestMapping("…str…")即为value的值;


@Controller
@RequestMapping("/appointments")
public class AppointmentsController {

    private AppointmentBook appointmentBook;
    
    @Autowired
    public AppointmentsController(AppointmentBook appointmentBook) {
        this.appointmentBook = appointmentBook;
    }

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Map<String, Appointment> get() {
        return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForToday();
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/{day}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Map<String, Appointment> getForDay(@PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(iso=ISO.DATE) Date day, Model model) {
        return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForDay(day);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/new", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public AppointmentForm getNewForm() {
        return new AppointmentForm();
    }

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String add(@Valid AppointmentForm appointment, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "appointments/new";
        }
        appointmentBook.addAppointment(appointment);
        return "redirect:/appointments";
    }
}

value的uri值为以下三类:
A) 可以指定为普通的具体值;
B) 可以指定为含有某变量的一类值(URI Template Patterns with Path Variables);
C) 可以指定为含正则表达式的一类值( URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions);

@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model) {
  Owner owner = ownerService.findOwner(ownerId);  
  model.addAttribute("owner", owner);  
  return "displayOwner"; 
}
@RequestMapping("/spring-web/{symbolicName:[a-z-]+}-{version:\d\.\d\.\d}.{extension:\.[a-z]}")
  public void handle(@PathVariable String version, @PathVariable String extension) {    
    // ...
  }
}

1.2、 consumes,produces;
consumes: 指定处理请求的提交内容类型(Content-Type),例如application/json, text/html;
produces: 指定返回的内容类型,仅当request请求头中的(Accept)类型中包含该指定类型才返回;

示例:
 @Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes="application/json")
public void addPet(@RequestBody Pet pet, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
}

方法仅处理request Content-Type为“application/json”类型的请求。

produces的样例:

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
@ResponseBody
public Pet getPet(@PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
}

方法仅处理request请求中Accept头中包含了"application/json"的请求,同时暗示了返回的内容类型为application/json;
####示例
1.3、 params,headers;
params: 指定request中必须包含某些参数值是,才让该方法处理。
headers: 指定request中必须包含某些指定的header值,才能让该方法处理请求。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {

  @RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, params="myParam=myValue")
  public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
  }
}

仅处理请求中包含了名为“myParam”,值为“myValue”的请求;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {

@RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.GET, headers="Referer=http://www.ifeng.com/")
  public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
  }
}

仅处理request的header中包含了指定“Refer”请求头和对应值为“http://www.ifeng.com/”的请求;

######上面仅仅介绍了@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,RequestMapping指定的方法处理哪些请求,下面开始详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用

####2.@RequestBody
作用:

  i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;
  ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

使用时机:

A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
  • 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
  • 其他格式, 必须;
    说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

####3.@ResponseBody

作用:

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

使用时机:

  返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter

···
/**

  • Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses.

  • @author Arjen Poutsma

  • @author Juergen Hoeller

  • @since 3.0
    */
    public interface HttpMessageConverter {

    /**

    • Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
    • @param clazz the class to test for readability
    • @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified.
    • Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header.
    • @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise
      */
      boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);

    /**

    • Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
    • @param clazz the class to test for writability
    • @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified.
    • Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header.
    • @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise
      */
      boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);

    /**

    • Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
    • @return the list of supported media types
      */
      List getSupportedMediaTypes();

    /**

    • Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it.
    • @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the
    • {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
    • @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from
    • @return the converted object
    • @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
    • @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors
      */
      T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
      throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;

    /**

    • Write an given object to the given output message.
    • @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been
    • passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
    • @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the
    • default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have
    • previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have
    • returned {@code true}.
    • @param outputMessage the message to write to
    • @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
    • @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors
      */
      void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
      throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;

}

···
该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。

在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.

    StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.

    ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.

    SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.

    FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.

    Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.

    MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.

    AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.

    RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
    ```
    ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;

StringHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;

ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据; 

FormHttpMessageConverter:       负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;

 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入json格式的数据;

SouceHttpMessageConverter:                   
负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;

AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;

RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;

当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。

HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:
@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

spring 3.1源代码如下:

private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)
throws Exception {

    MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
    if (contentType == null) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
        String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();
        if (paramName != null) {
            builder.append(' ');
            builder.append(paramName);
        }
        throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
                "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");
    }

    List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
    if (this.messageConverters != null) {
        for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
            allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
            if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType
                            +"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
                }
                return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);
            }
        }
    }
    throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
```
@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

#####补充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType(“application/json; charset=UTF-8”);
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。

接上文章,对@RequestMapping进行地址映射讲解之后, 下面主要讲解request 数据到handler method 参数数据的绑定所用到的注解和什么情形下使用;
######简介:
handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)

A、处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解:
B、处理request header部分的注解: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;
C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam, @RequestBody;
D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

####4、 @PathVariable
当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

示例代码:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {

  @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
  public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
  }
}

上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable(“name”)指定uri template中的名称。
####5.@RequestHeader、@CookieValue
@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。
示例代码:
这是一个Request 的header部分:

Host                    localhost:8080
Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language         fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding         gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset          ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive              300
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
                              @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {
}

上面的代码,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上。

@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。
例如有如下Cookie值:

JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84

参数绑定的代码:

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  {
}

即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。

####6.@RequestParam, @RequestBody

######@RequestParam

A) 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String–> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;

B)用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;

C) 该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定;

示例代码:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {
        Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
        model.addAttribute("pet", pet);
        return "petForm";
    }

来源于:(https://www.cnblogs.com/qq78292959/p/3760560.html)

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