HttpClient模拟postman/浏览器（登录+访问接口）

创建HttpClient实例时应用了单例模式（饿汉式）

package com.jake.autotest.util;

import com.jake.autotest.constant.BpmUatConstants;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class HttpClientUtils {

    private static CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

    static {
        HttpPost loginPost = new HttpPost(BpmUatConstants.LOGIN_URL);
        ArrayList<NameValuePair> loginPairs = new ArrayList<>();
        loginPairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", BpmUatConstants.USERNAME));
        loginPairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", BpmUatConstants.PASSWORD));
        try {
            loginPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(loginPairs, "utf-8"));
            client.execute(loginPost);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 以Get请求方式访问需要事先登录的HTTP接口
     * @param url HTTP接口的URL
     * @param paramStr 请求参数的字符串形式："param1=xxx&param2=yyy&param3=zzz"
     * @return 访问HTTP接口得到的Json数据
     */
    public static String visitByGet(String url, String paramStr) {
        String json = null;
        try {
            URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(paramStr)) {
                ArrayList<NameValuePair> paramPairs = getNameValuePairs(paramStr);
                uriBuilder.setParameters(paramPairs);
            }
            HttpGet visitGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
            CloseableHttpResponse visitResponse = client.execute(visitGet);
            json = EntityUtils.toString(visitResponse.getEntity());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return json;
    }

    /**
     * 以Post请求方式访问需要事先登录的HTTP接口
     * @param url HTTP接口的URL
     * @param paramStr 请求参数的字符串形式："param1=xxx&param2=yyy&param3=zzz"
     * @return 访问HTTP接口得到的Json数据
     */
    public static String visitByPost(String url, String paramStr) {
        String json = null;
        try {
            HttpPost visitPost = new HttpPost(url);
            if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(paramStr)) {
                ArrayList<NameValuePair> paramPairs = getNameValuePairs(paramStr);
                visitPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramPairs, "utf-8"));
            }
            HttpResponse visitResponse = client.execute(visitPost);
            json = EntityUtils.toString(visitResponse.getEntity());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return json;
    }

    /**
     * 1. 把传入参数"param1=xxx&param2=yyy&param3=zzz"以&为分离点拆分为params数组，其中
     * params[0]="param1=xxx", params[1]="param2=yyy", param[2]="param3=zzz"
     * 2. 由1可以看出，params数组的每一个元素都是name-value对的字符串形式，以=为分离点将该数组
     * 拆分为一个长度为2的数组nv(name-value)，其中，nv[0], nv[1]分别对应BasicNameValuePair
     * 构造方法的第一、二个参数。
     * @param paramStr 请求参数的字符串形式："param1=xxx&param2=yyy&param3=zzz"
     * @return HttpClient执行HttpPost或HttpGet请求所需的NameValuePair对象集合
     */
    private static ArrayList<NameValuePair> getNameValuePairs(String paramStr) {
        ArrayList<NameValuePair> paramPairs = new ArrayList<>();
        String[] params = paramStr.split("&");
        for (String param: params) {
            String[] nv = param.split("=");
            if (nv.length == 2) {
                paramPairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(nv[0], nv[1]));
            }
        }
        return paramPairs;
    }

}