springboot配置文件application中spring.profile.active和include属性的区别

0. 参考文档

Spring框架官方对active和include属性的说明：
https://www.logicbig.com/tutorials/spring-framework/spring-boot/profile-specific-properties-with-include-property.html

1. 概念

Properties from spring.profile.include are always loaded regardless of what active profiles are chosen.
The properties from spring.profile.include override default properties.
The properties from active profiles override spring.profile.include and default properties.

2. 代码

2.1 配置文件

src/main/resources/application.properties

app.window.width=500
app.window.height=400
app.refresh.rate=30
spring.profiles.include=throttling,db
spring.main.banner-mode=off

src/main/resources/application-dev.properties

app.window.height=300
db.connect.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_schema

src/main/resources/application-prod.properties

app.window.width=600
app.window.height=700

src/main/resources/application-throttling.properties

app.refresh.rate=60
src/main/resources/application-db.properties
db.connect.url=jdbc:mysql://712.22.4333.121/app-schema
db.pool.size=10

2.2 客户端代码

@Component
public class ClientBean {
  @Value("${app.window.width}")
  private int width;
  @Value("${app.window.height}")
  private int height;
  @Value("${app.refresh.rate}")
  private int refreshRate;
  @Value("${db.connect.url}")
  private String dbConnectionUrl;
  @Value("${db.pool.size}")
  private int dbConnectionPoolSize;

  @PostConstruct
  private void postConstruct() {
      System.out.printf("width= %s%n", width);
      System.out.printf("height= %s%n", height);
      System.out.printf("refresh rate= %s%n", refreshRate);
      System.out.printf("db connect url= %s%n", dbConnectionUrl);
      System.out.printf("db connection pool size= %s%n", dbConnectionPoolSize);
  }
}

2.3 主类代码

@SpringBootApplication
public class ExampleMain {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication sa = new SpringApplication(ExampleMain.class);
      //programmatically setting active profile
      ConfigurableEnvironment env = new StandardEnvironment();
      env.setActiveProfiles("dev");
      sa.setEnvironment(env);

      sa.run(args);
  }
}

3. 测试结果

运行main方法打印结果：

width= 500
height= 300
refresh rate= 60
db connect url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_schema
db connection pool size= 10

运行结果分析：
width = 500 is from application.properties (default). It is not used in any other profile
height = 300 is from dev (active profile). It overrides height=400 (default)
refresh rate= 60 is from throttling (include profile). It overrides refresh rate=30 (default)
db connect url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_schema id from dev (active). It overrides db (include profile) one.
db connection pool size= 10 is from db (include profile). It is not specified anywhere else.