Git常见问题及解决

问题1： git Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master’ by 2 commits

遇到这种问题，表示在你之前已经有x个commit了，解决方式：

git reset HEAD~x

这里的x表示的就是在这之前已经有多少次的提交，这句命令的意思就是直接回退到x 个commit之前。

补充内容：撤消操作:

1. 撤消已暂存(git add)的文件: git reset HEAD file

$ touch 1.txt /* 新建文件 */

$ git add .  /* 全部暂存 */

$ git status /* 查看文件状态 */
On branch master
Your branch is behind 'origin/master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

        new file:   1.txt

$ git reset HEAD 1.txt /* 取消暂存 1txt */

$ git status /* 再次查看文件状态，1.txt 已经被取消啦 */
On branch master
Your branch is behind 'origin/master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

        1.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

2. 撤消commit操作: git reset HEAD^：

# HEAD是指向最新的提交，上一次提交是HEAD^,上上次是HEAD^^,也可以写成HEAD～2 ,依次类推。（如果加上 --hard 表示放弃所有本地改动）
 git reset HEAD^  

3. 版本回退: git reset commit_id

 git log # 查看日志，找到需要回退的那次commit的 哈希值

 git reset --hard commit_id # 回退到指定版本

问题2： The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge

git pull的时候遇到这样的问题：

The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge balabala...

解决办法：

git clean -d -fx

备注：会删除掉没有add到仓库的文件，操作记得慎重，以免改动文件的丢失。本质上就是远程操作仓库中没有被追踪的本地文件

git clean -n   # 显示将要删除的文件和目录
git clean -df  # 删除文件和目录
git clean -f   # 删除文件
git clean -fX  # 如果只想移除已被忽略的文件，请使用选项-X
git clean -fx  # 如果想移除已被忽略和未被忽略的文件，请使用选项-x

问题3： error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:

本地修改了某个文件，在执行git commit操作之前，先执行git pull操作，如果此配置文件在服务器上已被别人做了修改，会发生代码冲突:

error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
        protected/config/main.php
Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.

如果希望用代码库中的文件完全覆盖本地工作版本. 方法如下:

git reset --hard 
git pull

如果希望保留生产服务器上所做的改动,仅仅并入新配置项, 处理方法如下:

git stash          /* 暂存当前正在进行的工作 */
git pull           /* 冲突的代码也可以pull下来 */
git stash pop
git diff -w +文件名 /* 确认代码自动合并的情况 */
/* 显示有人已经更改test = 3，而本次提交test =2 */
<<<<<<< Updated upstream
test = 3
=======
test = 2
>>>>>>> Stashed changes

/* 解决冲突，修改相应文件，选择需要保留的值，重新push */
git status
git add .
git commit -s
git push

如果你没有git pull，直接git push，发生冲突是提示：

 ! [rejected]        master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@code.csdn.net:qq_15437629/cstring.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

此时你再执行git pull ，发生冲突会有如下提示：

Auto-merging conflict.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in 1.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

如果你在commit之后就执行git pull，也会有以上提示，Auto-merging之后修改相应的文件，解决冲突即可。