java I/O系统

java I/O系统

File类

    File file=new File("f:");
    System.out.println(file.getCanonicalPath());//返回当前路径
    File files=new File(file,"demo.txt");
    if(!files.exists()){
        files.mkdir();//创建文件夹
    }
    System.out.println(files.canRead());
    File[] file1=file.listFiles(new FileFilter() {//加入过滤器，只返回“.txt”文件。FilerFilter是接口，要new时需要实现其方法

        @Override
        public boolean accept(File pathname) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return pathname.getName().endsWith(".txt")&&pathname.isFile();
        }
    });
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(file1));      

字节流

用于处理二进制文件

FileInputStream类

方法
public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException//读取文件，将读取的数据储存在byte数组b中
public void close()throws IOException

    FileInputStream fileInput = null;
    try {
        fileInput=new FileInputStream("E:/朗沃/课件/笔记/Calendar.txt");//选择要读取的文件
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        System.out.println("文件没有找到");
    }
    byte []b=new byte[4096];//声明byte类型数组b，用于存放读取的数据
    int num;
    try {
        while((num=fileInput.read(b))!=-1){//当num不等于-1，继续读取。
            System.out.println(new String(b,"gbk"));
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }  

FileOutputStream类

public void write(int b) throws IOException//往文件中写入数据

    /*
     * 字节流读、写操作
     */
    FileInputStream fileInput=null;
    FileOutputStream fileOut=null;
    try {
        fileInput=new FileInputStream(new File("f:/test.txt"));//字节输入流传入读取的文件
        fileOut=new FileOutputStream(new File("f:/我的copy.doc"));//字节输出流，将读取到的字节写入文件路径中
        int num1=0;
        try {
            while((num1=fileInput.read())!=-1){//边读边写
                fileOut.write(num1);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        try {
            fileOut.close();//文件关闭，放在finally中，最后文件都会关闭
            fileInput.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }   

处理流BufferedInputStream及BufferedOutputStream

    /*
     * 处理流操作
     */
    BufferedInputStream bis=null;
    BufferedOutputStream bos=null;
    try {
        bis=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("f:/test.txt"));
        bos=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("f:/wode.txt"));
        int num2=0;
        try {
            while((num2=bis.read())!=-1){
                bos.write(num2);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        try {
            bis.close();
            bos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }   

字符流

用于处理文本文件

BufferedReader及BufferedWriter类

BufferedReader从字符输入流中读取文本，缓冲各个字符，从而实现字符、数组和行的高效读取。
BufferedWriter将文本写入字符输出流，缓冲各个字符，从而提供单个字符、数组和字符串的高效写入。
应用：

    BufferedReader br=null;
    BufferedWriter bw=null;
    try {
        br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("f:/test.txt"));
        bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("f:/文件拷贝.txt"));
        int num4=0;
        while((num4=br.read())!=-1){
            bw.write(num4);
        }  
        bw.flush();//刷新该流的缓冲
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        br.close();
        bw.close();
    }   

对象序列化

为了保存在内存中各个对象的状态，并且可以把对象再读取出来
方法
ObjectOutputStream类方法writeObject(Object) 序列化对象

ObjectInputStream类方法 readObject() 对象的反序列化

    Student student=new Student();//Student必须实现Serializable接口才能序列化
    student.setAge(19);
    student.setName("张三");
    ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("f:/user.txt"));
    oos.writeObject(student);//对象序列化
    oos.close();  


    ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("f:/user.txt"));
    try {
        Student s=(Student) ois.readObject();//对象反序列化
        System.out.println(s.getName()+","+s.getAge());
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        ois.close();
    }