转载https://blog.csdn.net/ghsau/article/details/7451464
Callable接口类似于Runnable,从名字就可以看出来了,但是Runnable不会返回结果,并且无法抛出返回结果的异常,而Callable功能更强大一些,被线程执行后,可以返回值,这个返回值可以被Future拿到,也就是说,Future可以拿到异步执行任务的返回值,下面来看一个简单的例子:
package com.buerc.thread;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class CallableAndFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Callable<Integer> callable=new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return new Random().nextInt(100);
}
};
FutureTask<Integer> futureTask=new FutureTask<>(callable);
new Thread(futureTask).start();
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println(futureTask.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
FutureTask实现了两个接口,Runnable和Future,所以它既可以作为Runnable被线程执行,又可以作为Future得到Callable的返回值,那么这个组合的使用有什么好处呢?假设有一个很耗时的返回值需要计算,并且这个返回值不是立刻需要的话,那么就可以使用这个组合,用另一个线程去计算返回值,而当前线程在使用这个返回值之前可以做其它的操作,等到需要这个返回值时,再通过Future得到,岂不美哉!这里有一个Future模式的介绍:
http://openhome.cc/Gossip/DesignPattern/FuturePattern.htm
。
下面来看另一种方式使用Callable和Future,通过ExecutorService的submit方法执行Callable,并返回Future,代码如下:
package com.buerc.thread;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class CallableAndFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<Integer> future=service.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return new Random().nextInt(100);
}
});
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
service.shutdown();
}
}
代码是不是简化了很多,ExecutorService继承自Executor,它的目的是为我们管理Thread对象,从而简化并发编程,Executor使我们无需显示的去管理线程的生命周期,是JDK 5之后启动任务的首选方式。
执行多个带返回值的任务,并取得多个返回值,代码如下:
package com.buerc.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CallableAndFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
CompletionService<Integer> completionService=new ExecutorCompletionService<>(service);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
final int taskId=i;
completionService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return taskId;
}
});
}
for (int i = 0; i<5; i++) {
try {
System.out.println(completionService.take().get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
看看上面的与接下来的有什么区别
package com.buerc.thread;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class CallableAndFuture {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
List<Future<Integer>> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int taskId=i;
list.add(service.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return taskId;
}
}));
}
for (Future<Integer> future : list) {
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
通过结果发现,使用CompletionService打印结果是随机的。而通过List这种方法,打印结果是有顺序的。