Channel 表示IO 源与目标打开的连接。Channel 类似于传统的“流”。只不过Channel 本身不能直接访问数据,Channel 只能与Buffer 进行交互。
通道的主要实现类
java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
|--FileChannel
|--SocketChannel
|--ServerSocketChannel
|--DatagramChannel
获取通道
1. Java 针对支持通道的类提供了 getChannel() 方法
本地 IO:
FileInputStream/FileOutputStream
RandomAccessFile
网络IO:
Socket
ServerSocket
DatagramSocket
2. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()
3. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()
通道之间的数据传输
transferFrom()
transferTo()
分散(Scatter)与聚集(Gather)
分散读取(Scattering Reads):将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
聚集写入(Gathering Writes):将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
字符集:Charset
编码:字符串 -> 字节数组
解码:字节数组 -> 字符串
例子如下
package com.buerc.nio;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestChannel {
//利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区)
@Test
public void test1() throws IOException {
Instant start=Instant.now();
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware-workstation_full_12.2.0.1269.exe");
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware.exe");
FileChannel fc1=fis.getChannel();//为文件建立通道
FileChannel fc2=fos.getChannel();//为文件建立通道
ByteBuffer byteBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);//非直接缓冲区
while((fc1.read(byteBuffer))!=-1) {//从通道读取数据到缓冲区
byteBuffer.flip();//切换为读模式
fc2.write(byteBuffer);//将缓冲区数据写入通道
byteBuffer.clear();
}
fc2.close();
fc1.close();
fos.close();
fis.close();
Instant end=Instant.now();
System.out.println(Duration.between(start, end));//PT6.565S
}
//使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
@Test
public void test2() throws IOException {
Instant start=Instant.now();
FileChannel fc1=FileChannel.open(Paths.get("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware-workstation_full_12.2.0.1269.exe"), StandardOpenOption.READ);//建立一个到文件的通道
FileChannel fc2=FileChannel.open(Paths.get("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware.exe"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.READ);//建立一个到文件的通道
//内存映射文件
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer1=fc1.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, fc1.size());//将通道对应的文件直接映射到内存
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer2=fc2.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fc1.size());
//直接对缓冲区中国的数据操作
byte[] dst=new byte[mappedByteBuffer1.limit()];
mappedByteBuffer1.get(dst);//从内存映射文件获取数据到指定字节数组
mappedByteBuffer2.put(dst);//将字节数字内容写入内存映射文件所对应的通道的文件中去
fc2.close();
fc1.close();
Instant end=Instant.now();
System.out.println(Duration.between(start, end));//PT0.429S
}
//通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
@Test
public void test3() throws IOException {
Instant start=Instant.now();
FileChannel fc1=FileChannel.open(Paths.get("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware-workstation_full_12.2.0.1269.exe"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel fc2=FileChannel.open(Paths.get("G:\\虚拟机\\VMware.exe"), StandardOpenOption.READ,StandardOpenOption.WRITE,StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
// fc1.transferTo(0, fc1.size(), fc2);//直接将通道1中的数据传输到通道2中对应的文件
fc2.transferFrom(fc1, 0, fc1.size());
Instant end=Instant.now();
System.out.println(Duration.between(start, end));//PT0.429S
}
//分散和聚集
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile ras=new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");
//获取通道
FileChannel fc1=ras.getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer1=ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
ByteBuffer byteBuffer2=ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
ByteBuffer[] byteBuffers= {byteBuffer1,byteBuffer2};
//分散读取
fc1.read(byteBuffers);
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(byteBuffers[0].array()));
System.out.println("----------------------");
System.out.println(new String(byteBuffers[1].array()));
RandomAccessFile ras2=new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
FileChannel fc2=ras2.getChannel();
//聚集写入
fc2.write(byteBuffers);
fc2.close();
ras2.close();
fc1.close();
ras.close();
}
@Test
public void test5() {
Map<String, Charset> map=Charset.availableCharsets();
Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set=map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"\t"+entry.getValue());
}
}
@Test//字符集
public void test6() throws IOException {
Charset charset=Charset.forName("UTF-8");//指定字符编码集
CharsetEncoder charsetEncoder=charset.newEncoder();//获取编码器
CharsetDecoder charsetDecoder=charset.newDecoder();//获取解码器
CharBuffer in=CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
in.put("helloworld");
in.flip();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer=charsetEncoder.encode(in);
for (int i = 0; i < in.limit(); i++) {
System.out.println(byteBuffer.get(i));
}
CharBuffer out=charsetDecoder.decode(byteBuffer);
for (int i = 0; i <out.limit(); i++) {
System.out.print(out.get());
}
}
}