Hello World
win32所有API都在windows.h里面。
API的介绍都在一本小册子里,叫《新编WIN32API大全》。或者这个网站
首先调一个弹窗,注意到win32是兼容ASCII和UniCode的,所以字符串的类型要根据工程的字符编码决定。
LPCTSTR其实是个宏,会替换为当前工程的字符编码方式,显然,TEXT()也是个宏。
# include <windows.h>
int main()
{
TCHAR title[] = TEXT("你好");
TCHAR content[] = TEXT("欢迎来到win32的世界");
MessageBox(NULL, content, title, MB_OK);
return 0;
}
创建进程
进程是分配资源的单位。
win32会为每个进程在0环分配4GB(最大)空间,其中2G是操作系统。
所有进程都是由其父进程创建的(第一个除外)。
所有进程必须有一个线程,不然就是死的。
创建过程为
- 映射EXE文件(就是复制到内核空间)
- 创建内核对象EPROCESS
- 映射系统DLL
- 创建线程内核对象ETHREAD
- 系统启动线程
# include <windows.h>
int main()
{
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
si.cb = sizeof(si);
TCHAR lpApplicationName[] = TEXT("C:\\Users\\ALIENWARE\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");
TCHAR lpCommandLine[] = TEXT("C:\\Users\\ALIENWARE\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe www.ranyou.tech");
CreateProcess(lpApplicationName, lpCommandLine, NULL, NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
return 0;
}
我以前觉得win32就是GUI,其实是不对的,其实win32的GUI只是冰山一角,真正精髓的地方在于操作系统本身的实现。像什么进程,线程,事件什么的才是最重要的(如果你对逆向感兴趣的话,当然如果只是对开发GUI感兴趣的话为什么不去看看Qt呢)。
创建线程
线程是执行的实体。
# include <windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>
DWORD WINAPI ThreadFunc(LPVOID p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Sleep(50);
printf("%s %d\n", p, i);
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
HANDLE hThreadA, hThreadB;
DWORD threadId[2];
char nameA[] = "A";
char nameB[] = "B";
hThreadA = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadFunc, (LPVOID)nameA, 0, threadId);
hThreadB = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadFunc, (LPVOID)nameB, 0, threadId+1);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Sleep(50);
printf("main %d\n", i);
}
CloseHandle(hThreadA);
CloseHandle(hThreadB);
return 0;
}
值得注意的是主线程完成后其他线程也是会退出的。
进程互斥
两个工程,代码完全一样。用的互斥锁实现 对临界资源的访问控制。
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
TCHAR mutexName[] = TEXT("pmutex");
HANDLE hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, false, mutexName);
if (NULL == hMutex)
{
cout << "create mutex error " << GetLastError() << endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
cout << " create mutex success:" << hMutex << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
DWORD d = WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE);
if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 == d)
{
// 模拟对公共内存/文件的操作
cout << "begin sleep" << endl;
Sleep(2000);
cout << "process" << endl;
// 操作完毕,释放对互斥量的占有
if (ReleaseMutex(hMutex) != 0)
{
cout << "reslease ok" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "reslease failed" << endl;
}
}
if (WAIT_ABANDONED == d)
{
cout << "WAIT_ABANDONED" << endl;
}
if (WAIT_FAILED == d)
{
cout << "mutex error" << endl;
}
Sleep(2000);
}
// 释放互斥量
CloseHandle(hMutex);
hMutex = NULL;
return 0;
}
虚拟内存
win32中不能直接访问物理内存,必须通过虚拟内存去访问。
申请私有内存:
# include <windows.h>
int main()
{
LPVOID p = VirtualAlloc(NULL,0x1000,MEM_COMMIT,PAGE_READWRITE);
VirtualFree(p, 0x100 * 2, MEM_DECOMMIT);
return 0;
}
malloc函数和new只是把分配好的一部分虚存划分一块区域来做成堆,局部变量是划一部分做栈。
申请映射内存。
映射内存可以将多块虚存映射到同一物理内存,实现进程共享内存
# include <windows.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 0x1000
#define MAP_FILENAME "shared memory"
int main()
{
TCHAR mapFileName[] = TEXT(MAP_FILENAME);
HANDLE g_hMapFile = CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, BUF_SIZE, mapFileName);
LPTSTR g_lpBuff = (LPTSTR)MapViewOfFile(g_hMapFile, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, BUF_SIZE);
*(PDWORD)g_lpBuff = 0x1234;
system("pause");
UnmapViewOfFile(g_lpBuff);
CloseHandle(g_hMapFile);
return 0;
}
# include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 0x1000
#define MAP_FILENAME "shared memory"
int main()
{
TCHAR mapFileName[] = TEXT(MAP_FILENAME);
HANDLE g_hMapFile = CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, BUF_SIZE, mapFileName);
LPTSTR g_lpBuff = (LPTSTR)MapViewOfFile(g_hMapFile, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, BUF_SIZE);
printf("%x", *(PDWORD)g_lpBuff);
UnmapViewOfFile(g_lpBuff);
CloseHandle(g_hMapFile);
return 0;
}