string学习

string和char*的区别

• char*是一个指针
• string是一个类，类内部封装了char，管理这个字符串，是一个char型容器。

特点：
  string类内部封装了很多成员方法，如查找find，拷贝copy，删除delete，替换replace，插入insert。
  string管理char*所分配的内存，不用担心复制越界和取值越界等，由类内部进行负责。

字符串赋值

string str1;str1 = "hello world";cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;string str2;str2 = str1;cout << "str2 = " << str2 << endl;string str3;str3 = 'a';cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;string str4;str4.assign("hello C++");cout << "str4 = " << str4 << endl;string str5;str5.assign("hello C++", 5);cout << "str5 = " << str5 << endl;string str6;str6.assign(10, 'a');cout << "str6 = " << str6 << endl;

字符串拼接

string str1 = "我";str1 += "爱玩游戏";cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;str1 += ':';cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;string str2 = " LOL";str1 += str2;cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;string str3 = "I";str3.append(" love ");cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;str3.append("game abcde", 4);cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;str3.append(str2);cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;str3.append("LOL DNF", 3, 4);cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;

字符串查找和替换

// 查找string str1 = "abcdefg";int pos = str1.find("de");if (pos != -1)    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;else    cout << "未找到" << endl;// rfindpos = str1.rfind("de");if (pos != -1)    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl;else    cout << "未找到" << endl;// rfind和find的区别// rfind是从右向左找，find是从左向右// 替换// 从1号位置器3个字符替换位"1111"str1.replace(1, 3, "test1211");cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;

字符串存取

string str = "hello";cout << "str = " << str << endl;for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {    cout << str[i] << ' ';}cout << endl;for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {    cout << str.at(i) << ' ';}cout << endl;// 修改str[0] = 'x';cout << "str = " << str << endl;str.at(1) = 'x';cout << "str = " << str << endl;

字符串插入和删除

string str = "hello";cout << "str = " << str << endl;// 插入str.insert(1, "111");cout << "str = " << str << endl;// 删除str.erase(1, 3);cout << "str = " << str << endl;

字符串获取子串

string str = "abcdef";string subStr = str.substr(1, 3);cout << "subStr = " << subStr << endl;string email = "zhangsan@sina.com";// 从邮件地址中 获取 用户信息int pos = email.find("@");string usrName = email.substr(0, pos);cout << usrName << endl;