Predicate

一、源码

package java.util.function;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument.
 *
 * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
 * whose functional method is {@link #test(Object)}.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the input to the predicate
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {

    /**
     * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the input argument
     * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate,
     * otherwise {@code false}
     */
    boolean test(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate.
     *
     * @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
     * predicate
     */
    default Predicate<T> negate() {
        return (t) -> !test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and another.  When evaluating the composed
     * predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
     * predicate is not evaluated.
     *
     * <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
     * to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
     * {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
     *
     * @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
     *              predicate
     * @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
     * OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
     * @throws NullPointerException if other is null
     */
    default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);
        return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
     * @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
     *               which may be {@code null}
     * @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
     * to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
     */
    static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
        return (null == targetRef)
                ? Objects::isNull
                : object -> targetRef.equals(object);
    }
}

二、解析

Predicate是Java中一个函数式编程体现，是Java8出来的。
　　表示一个参数的谓词(布尔值函数)。这是一个功能接口，其功能方法是test(Object)。

1.test()
　　评估参数里面的表达式(验证传进来的参数符不符合规则)；它的返回值是一个boolean类型。
　　
2.and()
　　返回组合谓词，该谓词表示此谓词和另一个谓词的短路逻辑与。在计算复合谓词时，如果该谓词为false，则不计算其他谓词。
　　
3.negate()
　　返回表示此谓词的逻辑否定的谓词。
　　
4.or()
　　返回组合谓词，该谓词表示此谓词和另一个谓词的短路逻辑或。在计算复合谓词时，如果该谓词为真，则不计算其他谓词。
　　
5.isEqual()
　　返回一个谓词，该谓词根据object测试两个参数是否相等。

三、实例

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class PredicateTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        List<String> list = Lists.newArrayList("12345","Abc","Tom","Jacks","ide");
        Predicate<String> predicate1 = str -> str.length() < 4;
        Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.startsWith("A");

        List result1 = list.stream().filter(predicate1.and(predicate2)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(result1.toString());

        List result2 = list.stream().filter(predicate1.or(predicate2)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(result2.toString());

        List result3 = list.stream().filter(predicate1.and(predicate2.negate())).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(result3.toString());

        List result4 = list.stream().filter(Predicate.isEqual(predicate1)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(result4.toString());

    }
}

运行结果：

[Abc]
[Abc, Tom, ide]
[Tom, ide]
[]