Java Collection学习笔记----removeIf()及lambda表达式

removeIf()是Collection中java 1.8的新方法。作用是按照一定规则过滤集合中的元素。

 /**
     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this
     * collection, if it is present (optional operation).  More formally,
     * removes an element <tt>e</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>, if
     * this collection contains one or more such elements.  Returns
     * <tt>true</tt> if this collection contained the specified element (or
     * equivalently, if this collection changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this collection, if present
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if an element was removed as a result of this call
     * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
     *         is incompatible with this collection
     *         (<a href="#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
     *         collection does not permit null elements
     *         (<a href="#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>remove</tt> operation
     *         is not supported by this collection
     */
    boolean remove(Object o);

例：将Song中评分为3和4的剔除

Collection<Song> songList=new ArrayList();
songList.removeIf(Song -> Song.getRating()==3 || Song.getRating()==4);
songList.forEach(s->System.out.println(s));//使用lambda表达式输出结果

removeIf()中的为lambda表达式。
Lambda表达式的语法:

(parameters) -> expression
或
(parameters) ->{ statements; }
例：
// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  
() -> 5  

// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  
x -> 2 * x  

// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  
(x, y) -> x – y  

// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  
(int x, int y) -> x + y  

// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印  
(String s) -> System.out.print(s)  

如果不使用lambda表达式，可使用下述方法：

        songList.removeIf(new Predicate<Song>() {
            public boolean test(Song s) {
                return (s.getRating()==3 ||s.getRating()==4);
            }
        });
        songList.forEach(System.out::println); //使用双冒号操作符(double colon operator) 

数据源：
Z/z/9/99
W/w/8/88
A/a/1/11
B/b/2/22
C/c/3/33
D/d/4/44
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE/e/5/5555

输出结果：
Z z 9 99
W w 8 88
A a 1 11
B b 2 22
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE e 5 5555

附Song类，toString()已覆盖

class Song{
    String title;
    String artist;
    int rating;
    int bpm;
    Song(String title,String artist,int rating,int bpm){
        this.title=title;
        this.artist=artist;
        this.rating=rating;
        this.bpm=bpm;
    }
    public String getTitle(){
        return title;
    }
    public String getArtist(){
        return artist;
    }
    public int getRating(){
        return rating;
    }
    public int getBpm(){
        return bpm;
    }
    //覆盖toString方法
    public String toString(){
        return title+" "+artist+" "+rating+" "+bpm;
    }