java 反射获取字段field

为了下面测试先建对象

package com.sakyoka.test.person;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Person {
	
	private String name;
	
	private Integer age;
	
	private Integer sex;
	
	public static String testStaticName;
	
	public String testName;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Integer getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(Integer sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
}

一、getDeclaredField、getField区别

测试例子1：

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Class<?> cls = Person.class;
		try {
			Field field = cls.getField("testStaticName");
			System.out.println(field.getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		try {
			Field field = cls.getField("name");
			System.out.println(field.getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} 
	}

输出：

testStaticName
java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: name
    at java.lang.Class.getField(Class.java:1703)
    at com.sakyoka.test.person.Person.main(Person.java:55)

结果：getField只能获取public字段，获取不到私有字段

测试例子2：

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Class<?> cls = Person.class;
		try {
			Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("testStaticName");
			System.out.println(field.getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		try {
			Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("name");
			System.out.println(field.getName());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} 
	}

输出：

testStaticName
name

结果：getDeclaredField即可获取公有public字段也可以获取private私有字段

二、getDeclaredFields、getFields区别

测试例子

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Class<?> cls = Person.class;
		Field[] fields = cls.getFields();
		for (Field field:fields) {
			System.out.println("fieldName:" + field.getName());
		}
		System.out.println("----------------");
		Field[] declaredFields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
		for (Field field:declaredFields) {
			System.out.println("fieldName:" + field.getName());
		}
	}

输出：

fieldName:testStaticName
fieldName:testName
----------------
fieldName:name
fieldName:age
fieldName:sex
fieldName:testStaticName
fieldName:testName
结果：可以看到getFields只能获取public字段集合，getDeclaredFields获取当前类所有字段。

其实getFields 就是getField的集合，getDeclaredFields就是getDeclaredField集合

三、父类字段获取

当一个类有集成的父类时候，那么父类字段怎么获取呢

定义一个学生继承上面的类试试

package com.sakyoka.test.person;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Student extends Person{

	private String schoolName;
	
	private String grade;
	
	public String testNameStudent;

	public String getSchoolName() {
		return schoolName;
	}

	public void setSchoolName(String schoolName) {
		this.schoolName = schoolName;
	}

	public String getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public void setGrade(String grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}	
}

测试例子

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Class<?> cls = Student.class;
		Field[] fields = cls.getFields();
		for (Field field:fields) {
			System.out.println("fieldName:" + field.getName());
		}
		System.out.println("----------------");
		Field[] declaredFields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
		for (Field field:declaredFields) {
			System.out.println("fieldName:" + field.getName());
		}
	}

输出：

fieldName:testStaticName
fieldName:testName
----------------
fieldName:schoolName
fieldName:grade

结果：可以看到getFields可以获取本身及父类的public字段而getDeclaredFields仅获取到本身的私有字段。

那如果获取父类字段呢

通过getSuperclass()

	public static List<Field> getAllFields(Class<?> clazz){
		Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
		List<Field> fieldList = new ArrayList<Field>();
		fieldList.addAll(Arrays.asList(fields));
		Class<?> superClazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
		while (superClazz != null){
			fieldList.addAll(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(superClazz.getDeclaredFields())));
			superClazz = superClazz.getSuperclass();
	    }	
		return fieldList;
	}

测试例子

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Class<?> cls = Student.class;
		List<Field> declaredFields = getAllFields(cls);
		for (Field field:declaredFields) {
			System.out.println("fieldName:" + field.getName());
		}
	}

输出：

fieldName:schoolName
fieldName:grade
fieldName:testNameStudent
fieldName:name
fieldName:age
fieldName:sex
fieldName:testStaticName
fieldName:testName

结果：通过getSuperclass 获取到父类的class从而获取父类字段

好像漏了一个例子，当有父类时候getField、getDeclaredField又是会怎么？

其实，通过例子可以猜测到getField可以获取到本身及父类的字段，而getDeclaredField仅获取自身字段，如果要获取父类的字段还得通过getSuperclass再getDeclaredField才能获取。

好了，关于获取field就这么多。

总结

1、getDeclaredField只能获取当前类的私有及公有字段，想要获取父类私有字段只能通过getSuperclass获取

 2、getField能获取本身及父类的公有字段

3、getDeclaredFields只能获取当前类所有字段集合不包括父类字段，想要获取父类私有字段只能通过getSuperclass获取

4、getFields能获取本身及父类公有字段集合