从阿里、UC联姻 看移动互联网“入口”之争

摘要：6月11日，阿里巴巴通过微博宣布，UC优视公司全面融入阿里巴巴集团，促成中国互联网史上最大规模合并。尽管几经博弈，但这个结果或多或少也在意料之中。本次收购对移动互联网大局有哪些影响？巨头们又有哪些打算？
6月11日上午，阿里巴巴通过微博宣布，UC优视公司（一下简称“UC”）全面融入阿里巴巴集团（以下简称“阿里”），UC优视公司CEO俞永福也通过微博表示：一个重要的决定：合聚变！UC并入阿里巴巴的传闻已成为现实。同时，阿里将组建UC移动事业群，UC董事长俞永福担任事业群总裁，并进入阿里集团战略决策委员会。这算是给阿里、百度为UC的“暗战”正式划上了句号——UC选择了阿里，而百度拿下了91无线。


UC微博还称，此次整合将创造中国互联网史上最大规模合并。俞永福在内部信中表示，本次整合将大部分以阿里巴巴集团股票，配合部分现金的方式进行，整个交易的总估值远远超过之前中国互联网最大并购交易“百度对91的19亿美元估值”。但具体金额并未透露。


早在一年前，百度高调宣布收购91无线的时候，很多人认为UC已成为“大佬模式”下的弃子。认为高德、新浪微博投入阿里巴巴的怀抱；91、PPS被百度收入囊中；搜狗与360暧昧不断。只有UC在收购传闻后，无人问津。事实上，马云早已于2013年4月加盟UC董事会，2014年5月，UC与阿里共同发布了旗下移动搜索引擎品牌——神马搜索（其中阿里占股30%，UC占股70%）。俞永福还连续在不同场合向百度开炮，挑战百度的野心非常明显。外界普遍认为，这项服务将对百度在中国的搜索业务构成严峻挑战。而俞永福此前公布的数据也恰恰印证了这一点：UC浏览器的活跃用户量已达5亿（其中1亿为海外市场）；神马搜索的活跃用户已经超过1亿，占国内移动搜索市场的20%。


尽管几经博弈，但从结果回顾整个过程，不难发现这一结果其实“早已注定”。


移动浏览器是移动互联网最为重要的入口之一，作为以搜索为核心业务的百度，若能与一款用户过亿的浏览器相结合，势必会大大巩固自己在这一领域的地位。另一方面，百度的一位竞争对手腾讯近几年在移动互联网领域的发展有目共睹，不仅有微信、手机QQ两款超过5亿用户的产品，其游戏市场的份额也不容小觑。当然，最令百度头疼的在于QQ浏览器已拿下了市场第二的份额，而旗下的搜索引擎搜搜也会将战略重心转向移动搜索市场。如此看来，完全控制一个用户量过亿的浏览器是百度的迫切需要。


于是，市场竞争的紧迫感促使百度显得有些贪心，试图将UC全资纳入怀中，并根据自己未来的部署战略进行调整。但这样做却恰恰忽略了UC一直坚持独立上市的打算。当然也有人认为，IPO只是资本家眼中的一个选项，利益最大化的初衷才是促成此次收购的根本原因。


于是，阿里投其所好，第一不要求控股，给UC独立上市的机会；第二给出合理的价格；第三凭借其一直以来都是UC股东的身份，最终赢得这场争夺。


无论如何，从阿里前后参股的过程到这次交易，可以看到这一交易架构对阿里的几大好处。首先是明确路线，要么支持UC上市，要么对其进行并购；其次，这一做法会吸引投资人支持阿里对UC的重组，打消其对于估值的疑虑；最后，保证自己在阿里系中的强势地位，不被边缘化。


目前，腾讯凭借社交“稳坐钓鱼台”，微信又给了电商无限遐想；百度在死守其搜索优势的同时，在轻应用方面不断发力；而阿里以其电商和支付方面的优势，再加以其对入口的争夺，未来势必会与腾讯进行一番殊死较量。而对于UC，正如俞永福之前在全球移动互联网大会上所说的那样：“未来市场不会再有‘UC被谁收购’的谣传，只有消息说‘UC收购了谁’。”
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