Kerberos 命令使用

这里列出Kerberos中常用的命令，毕竟在刚学习Kerberos这个安全框架的时候还是遇到了挺多的问题，所以怎么能不记录记录咧，以后也好给我的孩子长长知识，咳咳....，不好意思又吹上天了。

指南

登录 kinit admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM

[root@dounine ~]# kinit admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM
Password for admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM: 123456

查询登录状态 klist

[root@dounine ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
2018-07-12T00:54:55  2018-07-13T00:54:55  krbtgt/EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

退出 kdestroy

[root@dounine ~]# kdestroy
[root@dounine ~]# klist
klist: No credentials cache found (filename: /tmp/krb5cc_0)

指使指南(维护)

登录管理KDC服务器
登录后台 kadmin.local

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  

查看用户列表 listprincs

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  listprincs
K/M@EXAMPLE.COM
activity_analyzer/host1.demo.com@EXAMPLE.COM
activity_explorer/host1.demo.com@EXAMPLE.COM
admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM
...

修改帐号密码(可修改忘记密码)

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  change_password admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM
Enter password for principal "admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM": 123456
Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM": 123456
Password for "admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM" changed.

创建用户

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  add_principal test1
WARNING: no policy specified for test1@EXAMPLE.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "test1@EXAMPLE.COM": 123456
Re-enter password for principal "test1@EXAMPLE.COM": 123456
Principal "test1@EXAMPLE.COM" created.

删除用户

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  delete_principal test1
Are you sure you want to delete the principal "test1@EXAMPLE.COM"? (yes/no): yes
Principal "test1@EXAMPLE.COM" deleted.
Make sure that you have removed this principal from all ACLs before reusing.

只导出用户keytab文件(并且不要修改密码)

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  xst -k admin.keytab -norandkey admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96 added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type des3-cbc-sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type arcfour-hmac added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type camellia256-cts-cmac added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type camellia128-cts-cmac added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type des-hmac-sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
Entry for principal admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with kvno 6, encryption type des-cbc-md5 added to keytab WRFILE:admin.keytab.
kadmin.local:  exit

PS:有些教程说是ktadd,其实它们是一样的效果，在命令使用帮助中我们可以查询到哪些命令是一样的。

[root@dounine ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  ? #是查看帮助命令
Available kadmin.local requests:

add_principal, addprinc, ank
                         Add principal
delete_principal, delprinc
                         Delete principal
modify_principal, modprinc
                         Modify principal
rename_principal, renprinc
                         Rename principal
change_password, cpw     Change password
get_principal, getprinc  Get principal
list_principals, listprincs, get_principals, getprincs
                         List principals
add_policy, addpol       Add policy
modify_policy, modpol    Modify policy
delete_policy, delpol    Delete policy
get_policy, getpol       Get policy
list_policies, listpols, get_policies, getpols
                         List policies
get_privs, getprivs      Get privileges
ktadd, xst               Add entry(s) to a keytab
ktremove, ktrem          Remove entry(s) from a keytab
lock                     Lock database exclusively (use with extreme caution!)
unlock                   Release exclusive database lock
purgekeys                Purge previously retained old keys from a principal
get_strings, getstrs     Show string attributes on a principal
set_string, setstr       Set a string attribute on a principal
del_string, delstr       Delete a string attribute on a principal
list_requests, lr, ?     List available requests.
quit, exit, q            Exit program. 

用逗号分隔的命令就是相等的,例如

add_principal, addprinc, ank
delete_principal, delprinc
ktadd, xst
...等等

使用Keytab验证是否可以登录(无错误输出即可)

kinit -kt /etc/security/keytabs/admin.keytab admin/admin@EXAMPLE.COM

查看keytab文件中的帐号列表

[root@dounine ~]# klist -ket hbase.headless.keytab

Keytab name: FILE:hbase.headless.keytab
KVNO Timestamp           Principal
---- ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
   7 2018-07-30T10:19:16 hbase-flink@demo.com (des-cbc-md5) 
   7 2018-07-30T10:19:16 hbase-flink@demo.com (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 
   7 2018-07-30T10:19:16 hbase-flink@demo.com (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 
   7 2018-07-30T10:19:16 hbase-flink@demo.com (des3-cbc-sha1) 
   7 2018-07-30T10:19:16 hbase-flink@demo.com (arcfour-hmac)

kerberos的日常操作: 

① kdc 登录：

kadim.local       仅限 kdc 主机直接登录，无须密码 ，登录进去就显示 kadmin.local:
kadmin -p  root/admin@HADOOP.COM    client 主机登录需要输入密码，登录进去就显示 kadmin:

② principal 维护  （可以登录kdc ， 也可以不登录kdc 中维护）

kadmin.local  -q  "list_principals"        //  查看所有的 principal ( 服务名/_HOST@REALM.TLD )
 kadmin.local -q "addprinc  bd00/bd00@HADOOP.COM"     // 添加principal , 需要手工指定密码
 kadmin.local -q "addprinc  -randkey  bd00/bd00@HADOOP.COM"   // 随机生成密码
// 如果是系统组件需要的principal  , 可以加参数  -randkey  生成随机密码
kadmin.local  -q "delprinc  bd00/bd00@HADOOP.COM"          // 删除principal

③ principal  添加完后，就可以导出keytab  生成及查看

kadmin.local:  ktadd -k /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab  kadmin/admin  kadmin/changepw
kadmin.local: xst -k /etc/security/keytabs/hdfs.headless.keytab tocdc-tcluster@HADOOP.COM
// ktadd , xst  两种方式都行
kadmin.local -q "xst -k /etc/security/keytabs/hdfs.headless.keytab tocdc-tcluster@HADOOP.COM"
kadmin.local -q "ktadd -k /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab  kadmin/admin@HADOOP.COM"
// 注意，如上在导出keytab 的时候会改密码（之前添加principal 的密码），kinit 验证密码会不对
// 如果导出keytab 不想改密码 ，添加参数  -norandkey， 如下： (kadmin.local 方式下)
kadmin.local: ktadd -k /home/tocdc/boco.keytab -norandkey  boco/boco@HADOOP.COM   

klist  -kt  /etc/security/keytabs/spark2.headless.keytab         //查看keytab 的内容

④ 查看当前用户认证信息 :  klist  -e

⑤ 删除当前用户认证信息：  kdestroy

⑥  用户认证：

kinit  principal        // 需要密码
kinit -kt  /etc/security/keytabs/xxxx.keytab     principal      //不需要密码，keytab 已经包含