静态内部类可保证线程安全

静态内部类（Holder模式）：利用类加载机制保证线程安全。

public class ConfigManager {
    private Map<String, String> configs;

    private ConfigManager() {
        configs = loadConfigsFromDB();
    }

    private static class Holder {
        static final ConfigManager INSTANCE = new ConfigManager();
    }

    public static ConfigManager getInstance() {
        return Holder.INSTANCE;
    }
}