UVA679DroppingBalls

//UVA679DroppingBalls
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
//#define LOCAL
const int MAXN = 20;
int main() {
	int kase = 0;
	#ifdef LOCAL
	freopen("UVA679in.txt", "r", stdin);
	freopen("UVA679out.txt", "w", stdout);
	#endif
	scanf("%d", &kase);
	while(kase--) {
		int D = 0, I = 0;
		scanf("%d%d", &D, &I);
		int cnt = 1;
		for(int i = 2; i <= D; i++) {
			if(I & 1) {//奇数 
				cnt *= 2;
				I = (I + 1) / 2;
			}
			else { //偶数 
			    cnt = cnt * 2 + 1;
			    I /= 2;
			} 
		}
		  //模拟 
		printf("%d\n", cnt);
	}
	scanf("%*d");
    return 0;	
} 
/*
5
4 2
3 4
10 1
2 2
8 128
-1
*/