Arraylist 与 LinkedList 区别？

1. 是否保证线程安全

   ArayList和LinkedList都不是同步的，均不保证线程安全；

2. 数据结构
   ArrayList底层数据结构为Object 数组
   LinkedList底层数据结构为链表

transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this();
        addAll(c);
    }
    
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        return addAll(size, c);
    }
/**
     * Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this
     * list, starting at the specified position.  Shifts the element
     * currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to
     * the right (increases their indices).  The new elements will appear
     * in the list in the order that they are returned by the
     * specified collection's iterator.
     *
     * @param index index at which to insert the first element
     *              from the specified collection
     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
     * @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
        checkPositionIndex(index);

        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int numNew = a.length;
        if (numNew == 0)
            return false;

        Node<E> pred, succ;
        if (index == size) {
            succ = null;
            pred = last;
        } else {
            succ = node(index);
            pred = succ.prev;
        }

        for (Object o : a) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o;
            Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);
            if (pred == null)
                first = newNode;
            else
                pred.next = newNode;
            pred = newNode;
        }

        if (succ == null) {
            last = pred;
        } else {
            pred.next = succ;
            succ.prev = pred;
        }

        size += numNew;
        modCount++;
        return true;
    }

3. 插⼊和删除是否受元素位置的影响：

ArrayList采用数据存储，所以插入和删除元素的复杂度受元素位置影响，ArrayList会默认在将要指定的元素追加到此列表的末尾，这种情况下，时间复杂度是O(1).如果是在指定位置I插入和删除元素的话，时间复杂度就为O（n-i）。因为在进⾏上述操作的时候集合中第 i 和第 i 个元素之后的(n-i)个元素都要执⾏向后位/向前移⼀位的操作。

/**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
     * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
     * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);

        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                         size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }

LinkedList 采⽤链表存储，所以对于 add(E e) ⽅法的插⼊，删除元素时间复杂度不受元素
位置的影响，近似 O(1)，如果是要在指定位置 i 插⼊和删除元素的话（ (add(int index, E
element) ） 时间复杂度近似为 o(n)) 因为需要先移动到指定位置再插⼊。

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any
     * subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        checkPositionIndex(index);

        if (index == size)
            linkLast(element);
        else
            linkBefore(element, node(index));
    }
    private void checkPositionIndex(int index) {
        if (!isPositionIndex(index))
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }
/**
     * Links e as last element.
     */
    void linkLast(E e) {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
        last = newNode;
        if (l == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            l.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts element e before non-null Node succ.
     */
    void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
        // assert succ != null;
        final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
        succ.prev = newNode;
        if (pred == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            pred.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

4. 是否⽀持快速随机访问：
LinkedList 不⽀持⾼效的随机元素访问，⽽ ArrayList ⽀持。快
速随机访问就是通过元素的序号快速获取元素对象(对应于 get(int index) ⽅法)。

5. 内存空间占⽤：

ArrayList 的空 间浪费主要体现在在 list 列表的结尾会预留⼀定的容量空间，⽽ LinkedList 的空间花费则体现在它的每⼀个元素都需要消耗⽐ ArrayList 更多的空间（因为要存放直接后继和直接前驱以及数据）。