数据库备份,数据库为school,素材如下
1.创建student和score表
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
创建score表。SQL代码如下:
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);
2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
3.备份数据库school到/backup目录
[root@bogon ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B school > /root/backup/school_1.sql
[root@bogon ~]# cd backup/
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式,能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p -B school > /root/backup/school_drop.sql
Enter password:
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:51 school_drop.sql
5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump -u root -p school | gzip > school_2.sql.gz
Enter password:
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1153 Jul 22 12:53 school_2.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:51 school_drop.sql
6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump -u root -p school student > school_student.sql
Enter password:
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1153 Jul 22 12:53 school_2.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:51 school_drop.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2383 Jul 22 12:55 school_student.sql
7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库(其他数据库素材自行准备)
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump -u root -p --databases school hamu > school_and_hamu.sql
Enter password:
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1153 Jul 22 12:53 school_2.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4431 Jul 22 13:09 school_and_hamu.sql
8.仅仅备份数据库结构
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school > structure_school.sql
9.备份服务器上所有数据库
[root@bogon backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A > ALL_databases.sql
10.还原MySQL数据库
[root@bogon backup]# mysql -u root -p school < school_1.sql
//只还原了数据 不保留数据库,需要自己重新创建
11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
[root@bogon backup]# gunzip < school_2.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p school
12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
innobackupex --user=root --password=gggg743231 /root/db1
13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份
[root@bogon db1]# innobackupex --copy-back /root/db1/2023-07-22_14-23-12
14.使用mydumper备份数据库
[root@bogon backup]# mydumper -u root -p gggg743231 -B school -o /root/backup/dump
[root@bogon backup]# ll
total 792
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 781362 Jul 22 13:19 ALL_databases.sql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 214 Jul 22 13:28 dump
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3452 Jul 22 12:49 school_1.sql
[root@bogon backup]# cd dump/
[root@bogon dump]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 Jul 22 13:28 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93 Jul 22 13:28 school-schema-create.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 22 13:28 school-schema-triggers.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Jul 22 13:28 school.score.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 369 Jul 22 13:28 school.score-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 Jul 22 13:28 school.student.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 415 Jul 22 13:28 school.student-schema.sql
15.使用mydumper恢复数据库
[root@bogon backup]# myloader -u root -p gggg743231 -B school -d /root/backup/dump