Python 易犯错误

修改函数默认参数

def fun(x=[],y=False):
    y=True
    x.append('hello')
    return x,y

if __name__ == '__main__':
#     (['hello'], True)
    print fun()
#     (['hello', 'hello'], True)
    print fun()

错误使用类变量

一开始a.x,b.x和c.x引用的都是a.x的变量
修改a.x则全部修改
修改b.x则相当于往类b加入属性x

class A(object):
    x=1

class B(A):
    pass

class C(A):
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
#     1 1 1
    print A.x,B.x,C.x

#     2 2 2
#     A.x=2
#     print A.x,B.x,C.x

#     1 2 1
#     B.x=2
#     print A.x,B.x,C.x

变量名解析

在函数内部进行赋值操作，解释器自动该作用域为局部变量

x=1
def fun():
    x+=1
    print x

# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "F:\Project\python1\demo\demo1.py", line 12, in <module>
#     fun()
#   File "F:\Project\python1\demo\demo1.py", line 8, in fun
#     x+=1
# UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment
if __name__ == '__main__':
    fun()

正确：

list=[]
def fun():
    list.append('x')
    print list

if __name__ == '__main__':
    fun()

遍历列表时更改列表

odd=lambda x:bool(x%2)
numbers=[n for n in range(10)]

# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "F:\Project\python1\demo\demo1.py", line 12, in <module>
#     if odd(numbers[i]):
# IndexError: list index out of range

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(len(numbers)):
        if odd(numbers[i]):
            del numbers[i]

正确：

odd=lambda x:bool(x%2)
numbers=[n for n in range(10)]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    numbers=[n for n in numbers if not odd(n)]
    print numbers