Spring Transaction 源码

Spring事务管理实现：

TransactionDefinition ->实现 DefaultTransactionDefinition
TransactionAttribute -> 实现 DefaultTransactionAttribute
TransactionAttribute 继承自 TransactionDefinition
DefaultTransactionAttribute 继承自 DefaultTransactionDefinition

TransactionDefinition 接口：

package org.springframework.transaction;

import java.sql.Connection;
// 事务的定义
public interface TransactionDefinition {

    // 事务的传播途径
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
    int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
    int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
    int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
    int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;  
    int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
    int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;

    // 事务的隔离级别
    int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
    int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED;
    int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
    int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ;
    int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE;
    int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;

    int getPropagationBehavior();
    int getIsolationLevel();
    int getTimeout();   
    boolean isReadOnly();
    String getName();

}

TransactionAttribute 接口：

public interface TransactionAttribute extends TransactionDefinition {

    String getQualifier();

    boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex);

}

TransactionAspectSupport 抽象类:
事务aop通过threadlocal，绑定事务链，每个链的节点，会记录下当前节点和父事务的节点。

public abstract class TransactionAspectSupport implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
    ...
    // 将数据库的会话session和对应的transaction存放入里面
    // DefaultTransactionStatus包含Transaction对象
    private static final ThreadLocal<TransactionInfo> transactionInfoHolder =
            new NamedThreadLocal<TransactionInfo>("Current aspect-driven transaction");
    ...
    protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(
            PlatformTransactionManager tm, TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {

        // If no name specified, apply method identification as transaction name.
        if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
            txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(txAttr) {
                @Override
                public String getName() {
                    return joinpointIdentification;
                }
            };
        }

        TransactionStatus status = null;
        if (txAttr != null) {
            if (tm != null) {
                status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
            }
        }
        return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
    }

    protected TransactionInfo prepareTransactionInfo(PlatformTransactionManager tm,
            TransactionAttribute txAttr, String joinpointIdentification, TransactionStatus status) {

        TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
        if (txAttr != null) {
            // We need a transaction for this method
            // The transaction manager will flag an error if an incompatible tx already exists
            txInfo.newTransactionStatus(status);
        }
        else {
            // The TransactionInfo.hasTransaction() method will return
            // false. We created it only to preserve the integrity of
            // the ThreadLocal stack maintained in this class.
        }

        // We always bind the TransactionInfo to the thread, even if we didn't create
        // a new transaction here. This guarantees that the TransactionInfo stack
        // 将事务绑定到当前线程上，形成事务栈
        txInfo.bindToThread();
        return txInfo;
    }
    ...
    //主要功能是记录方法和对应的事务属性
    protected final class TransactionInfo {
        ...
        // 当前事务的状态
        private TransactionStatus transactionStatus;

        // 当前线程上一个事务的引用
        private TransactionInfo oldTransactionInfo;
        ...
        // 形成链式结构，若存在事务，则将老事务关联到新事务上，并且把线程绑定的事务替换掉
        private void bindToThread() {
            this.oldTransactionInfo = transactionInfoHolder.get();
            transactionInfoHolder.set(this);
        }
        ...
    }
}

TransactionInterceptor 事务拦截器：
aop具体实现

package org.springframework.transaction.interceptor;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

import org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class TransactionInterceptor extends TransactionAspectSupport implements MethodInterceptor, Serializable {

    public TransactionInterceptor() {
    }

    public TransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager ptm, Properties attributes) {
        setTransactionManager(ptm);
        setTransactionAttributes(attributes);
    }

    public TransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager ptm, TransactionAttributeSource tas) {
        setTransactionManager(ptm);
        setTransactionAttributeSource(tas);
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);

        // Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
        return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, new InvocationCallback() {
            @Override
            public Object proceedWithInvocation() throws Throwable {
                return invocation.proceed();
            }
        });
    }

}

TransactionAspectSupport 的 invokeWithinTransaction方法实现：

protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, final InvocationCallback invocation)
            throws Throwable {

        // If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
        final TransactionAttribute txAttr = getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
        final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
        final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass);

        if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
            // Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
            TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
            Object retVal = null;
            try {
                // This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
                // This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
                // 执行方法
                retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
            }
            ...
            finally {
                // 重建事务
                cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
            }
            // 提交事务
            commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
            // 返回结果
            return retVal;
        }

        else {
            // It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in.
            try {
                Object result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) tm).execute(txAttr,
                        new TransactionCallback<Object>() {
                            @Override
                            public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
                                TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
                                try {
                                    return invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
                                }
                                ...
                                finally {
                                    cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
                                }
                            }
                        });

                // Check result: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow.
                if (result instanceof ThrowableHolder) {
                    throw ((ThrowableHolder) result).getThrowable();
                }
                else {
                    return result;
                }
            }
            catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) {
                throw ex.getCause();
            }
        }
    }

    protected void commitTransactionAfterReturning(TransactionInfo txInfo) {
        if (txInfo != null && txInfo.hasTransaction()) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
            }
            txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
        }
    }

    protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
        if (txInfo != null && txInfo.hasTransaction()) {
            ...
            if (txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
                ...
                // 事务回滚
                txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
            }
            else {
                ...
                // 不回滚非指定事务
                txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
            }
        }
    }

    protected void cleanupTransactionInfo(TransactionInfo txInfo) {
        if (txInfo != null) {
            txInfo.restoreThreadLocalStatus();
        }
    }

Spring 事务管理与JDBC的关联：

protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(
            PlatformTransactionManager tm, TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {

        ...

        TransactionStatus status = null;
        if (txAttr != null) {
            if (tm != null) {
                // 获取事务管理类
                status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
            }
            else {
                ...
            }
        }
        return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
    }

PlatformTransactionManager 的实现 AbstractPlatformTransactionManager

@Override
    public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
        // 抽象方法
        Object transaction = doGetTransaction();

        // Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
        boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();

        if (definition == null) {
            // Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
            definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
        }

        if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
            // Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
            return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
        }

        // Check definition settings for new transaction.
        if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
            throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
        }

        // No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
        if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
            throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                    "No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
        }
        else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
                definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
                definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
            SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
            try {
                boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
                DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                        definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
                // 抽象方法
                doBegin(transaction, definition);
                prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
                return status;
            }
            ...
        }
        else {
            // Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
            boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
            return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
        }
    }
    //注意这里的返回值，返回的就是一个TransactionStatus对象,这个对象表明了一个事务的状态，比如说是否是一个新的事务，事务是否已经结束，等等，这个对象是非常重要的，在事务提交的时候还是会用到它的。
    protected final DefaultTransactionStatus prepareTransactionStatus(
            TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean newTransaction,
            boolean newSynchronization, boolean debug, Object suspendedResources) {

        DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                definition, transaction, newTransaction, newSynchronization, debug, suspendedResources);
        prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
        return status;
    }

    /**
     * Create a TransactionStatus for an existing transaction.
     */
    private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
            TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
            throws TransactionException {

        if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
            throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                    "Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
        }

        if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
            Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
            boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
            return prepareTransactionStatus(
                    definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
        }

        if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
            SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
            try {
                boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
                DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                        definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
                doBegin(transaction, definition);
                prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
                return status;
            }
            ...
        }

        if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
            if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
                throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
                        "Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
                        "specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
            }
            if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
                // Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
                // through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
                // Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
                DefaultTransactionStatus status =
                        prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
                status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
                return status;
            }
            else {
                // Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
                // Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
                // in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
                boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
                DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
                        definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
                doBegin(transaction, definition);
                prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
                return status;
            }
        }

        // Assumably PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS or PROPAGATION_REQUIRED.
        if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
            if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
                Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
                if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
                    Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
                    throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
                            definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
                            (currentIsolationLevel != null ?
                                    isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
                                    "(unknown)"));
                }
            }
            if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
                if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
                    throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
                            definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
                }
            }
        }
        boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
        return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
    }

HibernateTransactionManager

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
        HibernateTransactionObject txObject = (HibernateTransactionObject) transaction;
        // HibernateTransactionObject 实例：这个实例里主要存放的就是sessionholder，sessionholder里存放的就是开始事务的session和transaction对象,如果之前没有sessionholder存放到线程中，那么这个HibernateTransactionObject的实例的属性其实是空的
        if (txObject.hasConnectionHolder() && !txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
            throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                    "Pre-bound JDBC Connection found! HibernateTransactionManager does not support " +
                    "running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. " +
                    "It is recommended to use a single HibernateTransactionManager for all transactions " +
                    "on a single DataSource, no matter whether Hibernate or JDBC access.");
        }

        Session session = null;

        try {
            if (txObject.getSessionHolder() == null || txObject.getSessionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
                Interceptor entityInterceptor = getEntityInterceptor();
                Session newSession = (entityInterceptor != null ?
                        getSessionFactory().openSession(entityInterceptor) : getSessionFactory().openSession());
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Opened new Session [" + SessionFactoryUtils.toString(newSession) +
                            "] for Hibernate transaction");
                }
                txObject.setSession(newSession);
            }

            session = txObject.getSessionHolder().getSession();

            if (this.prepareConnection && isSameConnectionForEntireSession(session)) {
                // We're allowed to change the transaction settings of the JDBC Connection.
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug(
                            "Preparing JDBC Connection of Hibernate Session [" + SessionFactoryUtils.toString(session) + "]");
                }
                Connection con = session.connection();
                Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
                txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
            }
            else {
                // Not allowed to change the transaction settings of the JDBC Connection.
                if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
                    // We should set a specific isolation level but are not allowed to...
                    throw new InvalidIsolationLevelException(
                            "HibernateTransactionManager is not allowed to support custom isolation levels: " +
                            "make sure that its 'prepareConnection' flag is on (the default) and that the " +
                            "Hibernate connection release mode is set to 'on_close' (SpringTransactionFactory's default). " +
                            "Make sure that your LocalSessionFactoryBean actually uses SpringTransactionFactory: Your " +
                            "Hibernate properties should *not* include a 'hibernate.transaction.factory_class' property!");
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug(
                            "Not preparing JDBC Connection of Hibernate Session [" + SessionFactoryUtils.toString(session) + "]");
                }
            }

            if (definition.isReadOnly() && txObject.isNewSession()) {
                // Just set to MANUAL in case of a new Session for this transaction.
                session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.MANUAL);
            }

            if (!definition.isReadOnly() && !txObject.isNewSession()) {
                // We need AUTO or COMMIT for a non-read-only transaction.
                FlushMode flushMode = session.getFlushMode();
                if (flushMode.lessThan(FlushMode.COMMIT)) {
                    session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
                    txObject.getSessionHolder().setPreviousFlushMode(flushMode);
                }
            }

            Transaction hibTx;

            // Register transaction timeout.
            int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
            if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                // Use Hibernate's own transaction timeout mechanism on Hibernate 3.1+
                // Applies to all statements, also to inserts, updates and deletes!
                hibTx = session.getTransaction();
                hibTx.setTimeout(timeout);
                hibTx.begin();
            }
            else {
                // Open a plain Hibernate transaction without specified timeout.
                // 开启事务
                hibTx = session.beginTransaction();
            }

            // Add the Hibernate transaction to the session holder.
            txObject.getSessionHolder().setTransaction(hibTx);

            // Register the Hibernate Session's JDBC Connection for the DataSource, if set.
            if (getDataSource() != null) {
                Connection con = session.connection();
                ConnectionHolder conHolder = new ConnectionHolder(con);
                if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                    conHolder.setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [" + con + "]");
                }
                TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), conHolder);
                txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder);
            }

            // Bind the session holder to the thread.
            if (txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
                TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getSessionFactory(), txObject.getSessionHolder());
            }
            txObject.getSessionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
        }

        catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (txObject.isNewSession()) {
                try {
                    if (session.getTransaction().isActive()) {
                        session.getTransaction().rollback();
                    }
                }
                catch (Throwable ex2) {
                    logger.debug("Could not rollback Session after failed transaction begin", ex);
                }
                finally {
                    SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession(session);
                    txObject.setSessionHolder(null);
                }
            }
            throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open Hibernate Session for transaction", ex);
        }
    }

AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的实现：

    @Override
    public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
        if (status.isCompleted()) {
            throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                    "Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
        }

        DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
        if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
            processRollback(defStatus);
            return;
        }
        if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
            processRollback(defStatus);
            // Throw UnexpectedRollbackException only at outermost transaction boundary
            // or if explicitly asked to.
            if (status.isNewTransaction() || isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
                throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
                        "Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
            }
            return;
        }

        processCommit(defStatus);
    }

    private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
        try {
            boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;
            try {
                prepareForCommit(status);
                triggerBeforeCommit(status);
                triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
                beforeCompletionInvoked = true;
                boolean globalRollbackOnly = false;
                if (status.isNewTransaction() || isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
                    globalRollbackOnly = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
                // 判断是否嵌套
                if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
                    status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
                }
                // 判断是否新事务
                else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
                    doCommit(status);
                }
                // Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
                // marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
                if (globalRollbackOnly) {
                    throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
                            "Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
                }
            }
            ...

            // Trigger afterCommit callbacks, with an exception thrown there
            // propagated to callers but the transaction still considered as committed.
            try {
                triggerAfterCommit(status);
            }
            finally {
                triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED);
            }

        }
        finally {
            cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
        }
    }

是否为新事务，取决于创建TransactionStatus的参数
newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
第3个参数为true->事务提交，否则不提交