我刚看Struts2的时候，就试着去配置环境和运行第一个action。
而当我在修改项目的web.xml文件加了Struts2的核心控制器（StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter）后 ， 居然发现项目下的jsp等所有文件都出现了404错误。
然后我就去看了log。发现错误是这样提示的：
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtils
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:213)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:240)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.getContainer(Dispatcher.java:967)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:435)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:479)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4828)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5508)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase
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StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase
StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBaseStartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask
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Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor
Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)atjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutorWorker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1720)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1571)
… 22 more
很明显的提示了找不到org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils这个类。
导包正确之后，我再次运行，还是出现404错误。这次错误是这样子的：
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.20.jar!/struts-default.xml:57:72
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:493)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4828)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5508)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase
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StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase
StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1575)atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBaseStartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1565)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask
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Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor
Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)atjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutorWorker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.20.jar!/struts-default.xml:57:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.getContainer(Dispatcher.java:967)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:435)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:479)
… 15 more
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory - bean - jar:file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.20.jar!/struts-default.xml:57:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:247)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:240)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
… 18 more
Caused by: Bean type class com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory with the name struts has already been loaded by bean - file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/classes/struts-default.xml:57:72 - bean - jar:file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.20.jar!/struts-default.xml:57:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:231)
… 21 more
这次虽然我吸取了前面的教训，还是挣扎了很久，上网查了大量的资料。最后发现问题在这里：
Caused by: Bean type class com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory with the name struts has already been loaded by bean - file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/classes/struts-default.xml:57:72 - bean - jar:file:/D:/Javaeewws/base/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.20.jar!/struts-default.xml:57:72
这个说明你的文件已经被重复加载。我的tomcat的lib目录下并没有struts2-core-2.3.20.jar。
怎么会重复加载呢。原因是，我把struts-default.xml解压出来了。所以就会出现这个错误。删掉这个xml就可以正常运行了。
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