java基础之多线程(三种创建方式前两种)
一、继承Thread类
ps:thread本身就是实现了Runnable接口
操作方法:
-
自定义线程类继承Thread类
-
重写run()方法
-
创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
package com.hx.study; public class Thread001 extends Thread{ @Override public void run(){ for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++){ System.out.println("我在看代码——————"+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //main线程,主线程 //创建一个线程对象 Thread001 test1 = new Thread001(); //run是普通的调用 test1.run(); //start是开启了多线程 test1.start(); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在学习多线程————"+i); } } }
案例,下载图片:
第一步:下载Commons IO的jar包
第二步:导入jar包
第三步:
package com.hx.study; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; //练习,使用多线程同步下载图片 public class Thread002 extends Thread{ private String url; private String name; public Thread002(String url,String name){ this.url = url; this.name = name; } @Override public void run(){ WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader(); webDownloader.downloader(url,name); System.out.println("下载了名为"+name+"的文件"); } //主函数里创建多个线程并调用 public static void main(String[] args) { Thread002 t1 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/feed-admin/829b34b705d171ebe0eb383a6c61f13970601ef6.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","1.jpg"); Thread002 t2 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/0a9f347a2aab0a089bee36685a29ac8d.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","2.jpg"); Thread002 t3 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/3e51ce4f561af378b70510a40ec3b8d4.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","3.jpg"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } //下载器 class WebDownloader{ public void downloader(String url,String name) { try { FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name)); }catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("IO异常,downloader出现问题"); } } }
二、实现Runnable接口
Runnable和Thread两种方法本质都是实现Runnable接口,所以区别只有调用start()方法时有区别
操作方法:
-
定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
-
实现run()方法,编写线程执行体
-
创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
package com.hx.study;
public class TestRunnable001 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++){
System.out.println("我在看代码——————"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个Runnable接口的实现对象
TestRunnable001 testRunnable001 = new TestRunnable001();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
// Thread thread = new Thread(testRunnable001);
// thread.start();
//上面两行可以简写成以下:
new Thread(testRunnable001).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程————"+i);
}
}
}
案例,下载图片:
package com.hx.study;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习,使用多线程同步下载图片(修改这里,改为实现接口)
public class TestRunnable002 implements Runnable{
private String url;
private String name;
public TestRunnable002(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run(){
WebDownloader1 webDownloader = new WebDownloader1();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了名为"+name+"的文件");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread002 t1 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/feed-admin/829b34b705d171ebe0eb383a6c61f13970601ef6.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","1.jpg");
Thread002 t2 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/0a9f347a2aab0a089bee36685a29ac8d.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","2.jpg");
Thread002 t3 = new Thread002("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/3e51ce4f561af378b70510a40ec3b8d4.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","3.jpg");
//修改了调用的方式,采用new一个Thread来调用
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t2).start();
new Thread(t3).start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader1{
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader出现问题");
}
}
}
前两种总结:
继承Thread类:
-
子类继承thread类具备多线程能力
-
启动线程:子类对象.start()
-
不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性
实现Runnable接口:
-
实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
-
启动线程:传入目标对象+Thead对象.start()
-
推建使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
三、实现Callable接口(了解)
操作方法:
-
实现Callable接口,需要返回值类型
-
重写call方法,需要抛出异常
-
创建目标对象
-
创建执行服务器:ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
-
提交执行:Future
<Boolean>
r1 = ser.submit(t1); -
获取结果:Boolean rs1 = r1.get();
-
关闭服务:ser.shutdown();
下载案例:
package com.hx.study.demo02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;
private String name;
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Boolean call(){
WebDownloader1 webDownloader = new WebDownloader1();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了名为"+name+"的文件");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/feed-admin/829b34b705d171ebe0eb383a6c61f13970601ef6.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/0a9f347a2aab0a089bee36685a29ac8d.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/sycp/creative_img/202106/3e51ce4f561af378b70510a40ec3b8d4.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务器
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行(通过提交来运行线程)
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
Boolean rs1 = r1.get();
Boolean rs2 = r2.get();
Boolean rs3 = r3.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdown();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader1{
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader出现问题");
}
}
}