Docker数据卷管理

Docker数据卷管理

为什么要用数据卷？

docker 原生使用的是 联合文件系统 性能差 生命周期与容器相同

数据卷的优点

1. 直接mount到容器中 绕开了分层文件系统
2. 性能和主机磁盘相同，并且不会因容器删除而删除
3. 修改方便，不用进入容器内部，对容器侵入小

docker managed volume

在dockerfile中使用VOLUME关键字声明挂载称为docker管理卷

VOLUME ["<路径1>", "<路径2>"...]

bind mount

在docker run 中加上 -v 选项挂载称为bind mount

-v <host path>:<container path>

挂载nginx html

[root@localhost ~]# tree /html/
/html/ 
└── index.html

[root@localhost ~]# cat /html/index.html Welcom to Kylin!

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -itdp 80:80 --name nginx -v /html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:latest 66d9911e0553e9a4d1c321a4831cced49fe38a36d16a1e1082b3a05176f0c894

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.50.16 Welcom to Kylin!

部署LNMP

1. 下载nginx、php和mysql镜像

   [root@localhost ~]# docker images
   REPOSITORY 		TAG 	IMAGE ID		 CREATED		SIZE
   nginx 			latest   dd34e67e3371   2 weeks        ago133MB
   mysql		    5.7      6c20ffa54f86 	2 weeks        ago448MB
   php			    7.2-fpm  28f52b60203d   8 months       ago398MB
   

2. 创建数据卷

   [root@localhost ~]# docker volume create nginx_html
   [root@localhost ~]# docker volume create mysql_conf
   [root@localhost ~]# docker volume create mysql_data
   

3. 启动容器

   # 启动mysql容器
   [root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql -d -p 3310:3306 -v mysql_conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
   2f624ab4969be699803c47f6bb58bd1190ebca220c20d30ec4fd2aa066a4f876
   
   # 启动php容器
   [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -v nginx_html:/var/www/html -p 9000:9000 --link mysql:mysql --name phpfpm php:7.2-fpm
   c7bec16d997ad1fd1734d11704955cd3a7eb1b42eebca0f168a16d9c3048ac1e
   
   # 启动nginx容器
   [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx -v nginx_html:/var/www/html --link phpfpm:phpfpm nginx:latest
   f0acd98b1319c00e0d247d0b01cd6b8902fea7bae08b095e0a9bd290aa5a9963
   
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID 		IMAGE			  COMMAND			 CREATED			STATUS			 PORTS			 NAMES
   f0acd98b1319       nginx:latest	    "/docker-entrypoint.…"	35 secondsago      Up 34 seconds    0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  nginx
   c7bec16d997a       php:7.2-fpm	    "docker-php-entrypoi…"   7 minutesago      Up 7 minutes     0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp phpfpm
   2f624ab4969b       mysql:5.7   	    "docker-entrypoint.s…" 	16 minutesago      Up 16 minutes 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp mysql
   

4. 编辑index.php

   [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx_html/_data/
   [root@localhost _data]# vi index.php
   <?
   phpinfo();
   ?>
   [root@localhost _data]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID 		IMAGE				 COMMAND 		  CREATE		   STATUS 		       PORTS		      NAMES
   c7bec16d997a       php:7.2-fpm     "docker-php-entrypoi…" About aminute ago  Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp phpfpm
   [root@localhost _data]# docker exec -ti c7bec16d997a /bin/bash
   root@c7bec16d997a:/var/www/html# ls
   index.php
   

5. nginx配置文件

   1.需要把自定义的配置文件挂载到容器的配置文件上
   2.基本需要改的是root目录和fastcgi_pass的地址
   3.root目录：这个是自定义
   4.fastcgi_pass地址：fastcgi_pass phpfpm:9000; 一般由php-fpm容器名:9000,这样组成
   5.这个conf文件可以在宿主机上面创建好，然后拷贝到容器中的配置文件中，进行覆盖
   
   [root@localhost ~]# cat ./default.conf
   server {
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;
       
       #charset koi8-r;
       #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
       
       location / {
           root /var/www/html;
           index index.html index.htm index.php;
       }
       
       #error_page 404 /404.html;
       
       # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
       #
       error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
       location = /50x.html {
           root /var/www/html;
       }
       
       # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
       #
       #location ~ \.php$ {
           #proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
       #}
       
       # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
       #
       location ~ \.php$ {
           root /var/www/html;
           fastcgi_pass phpfpm:9000;
           fastcgi_index index.php;
           fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
           include fastcgi_params;
       }
       
       # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
       # concurs with nginx's one
       #
       location ~ /\.ht {
           deny all;
       }
   }
   
   [root@localhost ~]# docker cp default.conf f0acd98b1319:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
   [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti f0acd98b1319 /bin/bash
   root@f0acd98b1319:/# nginx -t
   nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
   nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
   root@f0acd98b1319:/# nginx -s reload
   2021/09/03 06:02:18 [notice] 40#40: signal process started