GridBagLayout的用法

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 10:03:22 发布

秋刀鱼的滋味901

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 10:03:22 发布

阅读量2.9w

点赞数 33

分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java 布局界面

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18989901/article/details/52403737

版权

Java 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

GridBagLayout是面板设计中最复杂的布局工具，当然用的好的话也是最方便的。

本文主要通过设计一个计算器界面的方式，来学习GridBagLayout的使用。最终的效果如下图所示：

GridBagLayout其组件的摆放都是有GridBagConstraints控制的。可以将需要设计的界面划分成许多个纵横的小网格，每个网格里面最多放置一个组件，一个组件可以占用多个网格。

网格的定义是由gridx和gridy定义的，前者表示横坐标，后者表示纵坐标，坐标是从0开始，从整个面板的左上角开始算起，所以在上图中，按钮7所在的位置gridx=0，gridy=0;以此类推，后面所有的网格位置都可以这样定义；

但是图中网格的宽度和高度是由什么定义的呢？答案是gridwidth和gridheight，为1表示占用一个网格，为2表示占用两个网格，如上图中"+"的gridwidth=1，gridheight=2；

知道这两个，就可以大体把网格划分清楚，每一个的具体位置也就有了着落。有朋友会说，我也是这样写的，但是组件怎么就那么小呢？那是因为GridBaglayout里面还有一项参数weight，她控制着组件随着面板的变化自身的变化情况，默认情况下weightx=0,weighty=0，意思是组件大小固定，不管面板如何变，自身就那么大，但是如果想让组件随面板变化的话，可以设置weightx和weighty，设置为浮点数也行，其值代表着变化的大小，也就是你宽度设为2，高度设为1的话，拉大面板会使组件越变越宽。

这三个是比较重要的Constraints，另外，还有insets，其有四个参数，表示其上左下右和相邻组件的最小间隔；ipadx和ipady表示组件间距，默认是0（其和insets不同读者可以自己摸索一下）；fill参数表示当网格区域比组件大的伤害，组件是以何种方式填充区域，是全方位还是水平或竖直；anchor是区域比组件大时，组件应该显示在区域的哪个方位，西北还是东南；

下面是我实现面板显示部分的主要代码：

	private JPanel createPanel(){
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		
		GridBagLayout gbl = new GridBagLayout();
		GridBagConstraints gbs = new GridBagConstraints();
		panel.setLayout(gbl);
		
		panel.add(bt7);panel.add(bt8);panel.add(bt9);panel.add(btp);
		panel.add(bt4);panel.add(bt5);panel.add(bt6);
		panel.add(bt1);panel.add(bt2);panel.add(bt9);panel.add(btp);
		panel.add(bt1);panel.add(bt2);panel.add(bt3);panel.add(btm);
		panel.add(bt0);panel.add(btdot);
		panel.add(btsignleft);panel.add(btsignright);panel.add(bte);panel.add(btmp);
		panel.add(btclear);panel.add(bt);				panel.add(btd);
		panel.add(textField);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=0;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt7, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=1;gbs.gridy=0;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt8, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=2;gbs.gridy=0;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt9, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=2;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=3;gbs.gridy=0;
		gbl.setConstraints(btp, gbs);	
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=1;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt4, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=1;gbs.gridy=1;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt5, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=2;gbs.gridy=1;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt6, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=2;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt1, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=1;gbs.gridy=2;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt2, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=2;gbs.gridy=2;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt3, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=2;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=3;gbs.gridy=2;
		gbl.setConstraints(btm, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=2;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=3;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt0, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=2;gbs.gridy=3;
		gbl.setConstraints(btdot, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=4;
		gbl.setConstraints(btsignleft, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=1;gbs.gridy=4;
		gbl.setConstraints(btsignright, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=2;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=2;gbs.gridy=4;
		gbl.setConstraints(bte, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=3;gbs.gridy=4;
		gbl.setConstraints(btmp, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=5;
		gbl.setConstraints(btclear, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=1;gbs.gridy=5;
		gbl.setConstraints(bt, gbs);
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=1;gbs.gridheight=1;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=3;gbs.gridy=5;
		gbl.setConstraints(btd, gbs);
		
		gbs.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;gbs.gridwidth=4;gbs.gridheight=3;
		gbs.insets=new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);gbs.weightx=1;gbs.weighty=1;
		gbs.gridx=0;gbs.gridy=6;
		gbl.setConstraints(textField, gbs);
		
		return panel;
	}

加一句：panel增加组件的顺序非常重要，一定要按照从左到右，从上到下的顺序添加。