【Linux】Centos7安装及配置MySQL

步骤

• 环境

# 安装依赖工具
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel autoconf perl perl-devel  
# 卸载 mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

• 下载解压

官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

# 迅雷下载再传过去比较快
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  
# 解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# 改名
cd /usr/local 
mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql 

• 配置

# 添加用户
groupadd mysql 
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# 创建data目录
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# 新建my.cnf文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
### my.cnf文件内容
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
max_connections=50
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
###

# 添加执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/mysql/bin/*
# 配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
### profile最后添加
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
###
# 文件生效
source /etc/profile
# 初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

• 启动MySQL

# 启动MySQL
cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
./mysql.server start
#此命令也可启动
#bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 
# 修改密码
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysql -u root -p # 默认没有密码,直接敲回车就可以
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string=password('密码') where user='root';
flush privileges;
exit;
# 设置远程访问
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysql -uroot -p#输入上一步设置的密码，紧跟着-p
use mysql;
select host,user from user;
#可以看到user为root，host为localhost的话，
#说明mysql只允许本机连接，那么外网，本地软件客户端就无法连接了。
#调整方法：
update user set host='%' where user ='root';
flush privileges;

• 添加到系统service

cd /usr/local/mysql/
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# 开机启动
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on
# 启动MySQL
service mysql start