- DLX,全称为Dead-Letter-Exchange,死信交换器。消息在一个队列中变成死信(Dead Letter)
之后,被重新发送到一个特殊的交换器(DLX)中,同时,绑定DLX的队列就称为“死信队列”。
以下几种情况导致消息变为死信:
- 消息被拒绝(Basic.Reject/Basic.Nack),并且设置requeue参数为false;
- 消息过期;
- 队列达到最大长度。
- 对于RabbitMQ 来说,DLX 是一个非常有用的特性。它可以处理异常情况下,消息不能够被
消费者正确消费(消费者调用了Basic.Nack 或者Basic.Reject)而被置入死信队列中的情况,后
续分析程序可以通过消费这个死信队列中的内容来分析当时所遇到的异常情况,进而可以改善 和优化系统。
springboot案例
- pom.xml添加依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- application.properties添加RabbitMQ连接信息
spring.application.name=rabbitmq_ttl
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.11.88888
spring.rabbitmq.username=root
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
3.主入口类
package com.demo.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
- RabbitConfig类:
package com.demo.demo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueTtlWatting(){
Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
// 队列中的消息等待 10秒
arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
// 设置该队列所关联的死信交换器(当队列消息TTL到期后依然没有消费,则加
//入死信队列)
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","ex.go.dlx");
// 设置该队列所关联的死信交换器的routingKey,如果没有特殊指定,使用原
//队列的routingKey
arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","go.dlx");
return new Queue("q.pay.ttl-watting",true,false,false,arguments);
}
@Bean
public Exchange exchangeTtlWatting(){
DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("ex.pay.ttl-watting", true, false);
return directExchange;
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingTtlWatting(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueTtlWatting()).
to(exchangeTtlWatting()).with("pay.ttl-watting").noargs();
}
@Bean
public Queue queueDlx(){
Queue queue = new Queue("q.go.dlx", true, false, false);
return queue;
}
@Bean
public Exchange exchangeDlx(){
DirectExchange directExchange = new DirectExchange("ex.go.dlx", true, false, null);
return directExchange;
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingDlx(){
Binding noargs = BindingBuilder.bind(queueDlx()).to(exchangeDlx()).with("go.dlx").noargs();
return noargs;
}
}
5.controllerf类
package com.demo.demo.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@RestController
public class PayCotroller {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("pay")
public void pay(){
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("ex.pay.ttl-watting","pay.ttl-watting","ttl".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
}