SpringBoot2.x+Redis实现消息队列(第二次为坑比公司省下一台服务器)

1.Redis MQ

redis天生带有队列性质，所以如果想简单的模拟下队列或者项目中有小规模使用队列的需求，可以用Redis来实现。redis的操作命令可以参考：https://www.runoob.com/redis/lists-brpop.html ，本篇主要说下结合项目来实现队列。

2.项目中具体实现

以SpringBoot2.x为例

maven配置：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>

spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.timeout=360000
spring.redis.password=111111
spring.redis.database=2

redis配置类，使用Spring的RedisTemplate类来操作redis。
RedisConfig：

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.impl.LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.time.Duration;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        //spring cache注解序列化配置
//        RedisSerializer<String> redisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
        // 配置序列化（解决乱码的问题）
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                // 缓存有效期
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofHours(1))
                // 使用StringRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的key值
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(keySerializer()))
                // 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的value值
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(valueSerializer()))
                // 禁用空值
                .disableCachingNullValues();

        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
    }
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
// 配置redisTemplate
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);

        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(keySerializer()); // key序列化
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(valueSerializer()); // value序列化
        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(keySerializer()); // Hash key序列化
        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(valueSerializer()); // Hash value序列化
        redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
        return redisTemplate;
    }
    @Bean
    public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {
        StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
        template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        return template;
    }

    /**
     * 配置Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer序列化策略
     * */
    private Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> valueSerializer() {
        // 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的value值
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // 指定要序列化的域，field,get和set,以及修饰符范围，ANY是都有包括private和public
        objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
//        objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
        // 指定序列化输入的类型，类必须是非final修饰的，final修饰的类，比如String,Integer等会跑出异常
        objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
        return jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
    }
    /**
     *  key序列化
     * @return
     */
    private RedisSerializer<String> keySerializer(){
        RedisSerializer<String> stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
        return stringSerializer;
    }
}

实现类：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.ld.service.RedisMqService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ListOperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Service
public class RedisMqServiceImpl implements RedisMqService {

    private String key = "mq";
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;

    @Override
    public void receiveMessage() {
       new Thread(new ReceiveMessage()).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void sendMessage() {
        new Thread(new SendMessage()).start();
    }

    class ReceiveMessage implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            ListOperations<String,Object> listOperations = redisTemplate.opsForList();
            do{
                //设置为0 持续等待
                Object o = listOperations.rightPop(key,0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                System.out.println("接收的消息："+ JSON.toJSONString(o));
            }while (true);
        }
    }

    class SendMessage implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("发送消息：你好"+i);
                redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key,"你好"+i);
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("发送消息：拜拜");
            redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(key,"拜拜");
        }
    }
}

分别起两个线程，因为我们包保证队列先进先出的特性，所以一个使用rightPop方法去读取mq中的数据，一个使用leftPush往mq中发数据。或者选择一些别的合适的方法。
最后输出结果：

发送消息：你好1
接收的消息："你好1"
发送消息：你好2
接收的消息："你好2"
发送消息：你好3
接收的消息："你好3"
发送消息：你好4
接收的消息："你好4"
发送消息：你好5
接收的消息："你好5"
发送消息：你好6
接收的消息："你好6"
发送消息：你好7
接收的消息："你好7"
发送消息：你好8
接收的消息："你好8"
发送消息：你好9
接收的消息："你好9"
发送消息：拜拜
接收的消息："拜拜"

这是关于redis mq的简单使用，对于大量使用mq的场景建议还是去使用正规的消息队列rabbitMQ等。