Java多线程循环打印ABC等问题（三种方式）

前言

有很多中写法，希望可以慢慢都写出来。

1、线程共享类对象：依靠AtomicInteger是线程安全的

将 AtomicInteger currentCount 作为线程共享。

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * 三个线程按次序轮流打印a,b,c AtomicInteger 实现
 *
 */
public class AtomicIntegerThread implements Runnable {
    private AtomicInteger currentCount = new AtomicInteger(0);

    private static final Integer MAX_COUNT = 6;

    private static String[] chars = {"a", "b", "c"};

    private String name;

    public AtomicIntegerThread(String name,AtomicInteger currentCount) {
        this.name = name;
        this.currentCount = currentCount;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (currentCount.get() < MAX_COUNT) {
            if (this.name.equals(chars[currentCount.get() % 3])) {
                printAndPlusOne(this.name);
            }
        }
    }

    public void printAndPlusOne(String content) {
        System.out.print(content);
        currentCount.getAndIncrement();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        AtomicInteger currentCount = new AtomicInteger(0);

        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 20, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new AtomicIntegerThread("a",currentCount));
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new AtomicIntegerThread("b",currentCount));
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new AtomicIntegerThread("c",currentCount));
        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
        
    }
}

这里一定要注意有一个坑，如果线程池核心线程数少于3个，1个或者2个，上述代码会有问题，因为线程池的队列是无界队列，多余核心线程数的任务会被放到队列中，这样循环打印的时候，有一些线程不是在运行中的，是在队列里的，运行中的线程会被阻塞，导致相互等待，死锁问题出现。所以线程池的核心线程数必须等于大于3个，这样保证有3个线程一直在运行。

2、volatile静态变量控制

还有一种就是将某个变量设置为静态，这样线程本身也共享该变量，则可以对其操作。但要注意给这个静态变量加上volatile字段，这个字段可以帮助多线程中的可见性。代码如下：

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 三个线程按次序轮流打印a,b,c
 *
 */
public class StaticVarThread implements Runnable {

        private static volatile Integer currentCount = 0;


    private static final Integer MAX_COUNT = 6;

    private static String[] chars = {"a", "b", "c"};

    private String name;

    public StaticVarThread(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (currentCount < MAX_COUNT) {
            try {
                while (this.name.equals(chars[currentCount % 3]) && currentCount < MAX_COUNT) {
                    printAndPlusOne(this.name);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
            }
        }
    }

    public void printAndPlusOne(String name) {
        System.out.println(name + "\t" + currentCount);
        currentCount++;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 20, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new StaticVarThread("a"));
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new StaticVarThread("b"));
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new StaticVarThread("c"));
        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
    }
}

3、synchronized对象加锁

利用一个计数来除线程个数得到余数从而控制线程输出，并且利用synchronized、一个Object的wait()和notify()方法来对线程的阻塞和唤醒，这里的技巧可以看看。

• wait()
  阻塞当前线程，等待被释放，继续执行当前线程
• notify()
  唤醒监视该对象的第一个线程，notifyAll()唤醒监视该对象的所有线程。

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class SynchronizedThread {

    static volatile int state; // 线程共有，判断所有的打印状态
    static final Object t = new Object(); // 线程共有，加锁对象

    /**
     * 改装了一下
     */
    @Test
    public void mainSix() {
        state = 0;
        // 需要循环的次数
        int n = 10;
        int num = 2;

        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 2, 20, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new MyThread("A", 0, n, num));
        threadPoolExecutor.execute(new MyThread("B", 1,  n, num));
        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
    }


    class MyThread implements Runnable {
        String name;
        int which; // 标示符：0：打印A；1：打印B；2：打印C
        int n; // 0：打印次数
        int num; // 循环周期


        public MyThread(String name,int which,int n,int num) {
            this.name = name;
            this.which = which;

            this.n = n;
            this.num = num;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                synchronized (t) {
                    while (state % num != which) {
                        try {
                            t.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    System.out.print(name); // 执行到这里，表明满足条件，打印
                    state++;
                    t.notify(); // 调用notifyAll方法
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

到此 Java多线程循环打印ABC等问题介绍完成。