三大框架：
Struts框架
1. params拦截器： 请求数据封装
2. 类型转换/数据处理
3. struts配置
4. 文件上传/下载/国际化处理
5. 数据效验/拦截器
6. Ognl表达式
7. 数据回显/模型驱动/防止表单重复提交
Hibernate框架
1. Api简介
2. 映射
多对一/一对多: 部门与员工
多对多/一对一
集合映射/组件映射/继承映射
3. Hibernate 缓存
4. 常用属性：inverse/lazy/cascade
5. 对象状态：临时/持久/游离
Spring框架
1） Spring IOC容器 【Inversion Of Control,即控制反转】
创建对象/处理对象依赖关系
2） Aop编程
3） Spring声明式事务管理
4） 框架整合
Spring与Struts
Spring与Hibernate
5）Spring对jdbc、hibernate操作的封装
JdbcTemplate (dataSource)/ HibernateTemplate(SessionFactory)
目标:
案例 【软件项目声明周期】
1. 需求分析
系统概述：
企业人事管理系统！
要求对员工信息进行维护;
后台系统先登陆，才能操作员工： 添加/修改/删除
没有登陆，只能查看列表，不能操作！
功能分类:
【管理员模块:】
注册/登陆
【员工模块】
1) 添加一个员工, 指定添加的部门
2) 对指定的员工信息修改
3) 删除选择员工
4)列表展示
2. 设计
2.1 系统设计
【系统架构师/技术经理】
主要做下面的事情,
1) 搭建系统框架结构
(基于mvc结构应用)
2) 确定项目的关键点/难点
3) 确定引用组件、公用类的版本
Struts2.3
Hibernate3.6
Spring3.2
2.2 数据库设计
管理员表： t_admin
员工表： t_employee
部门： t_dept
3. 代码
步骤分析
编码顺序:
1) 设计数据库: hib_demo
建表： t_admin/t_employee/t_dept
2) 建立web项目、引入jar文件、准备环境
…..
3) 设计javabean、写映射
Admin.java 封装管理员
Employee.java 员工
Dept.java 部门
Admin.hbm.xml
Employee.hbm.xml
Dept.hbm.xml
4) Dao设计接口
IAdminDao.java 管理员模块
void save(Admin admin);
Admin findByAdmin(Admin admin);
IDeptDao.java 部门模块
List<Dept> getAll();
Dept findById(int id);
IEmployeeDao.java 员工模块
Void save(Employee emp);
Void update(Employee emp);
Void delete(int id);
Employee findById(int id);
List<Employee> getAll();
List<Employee> getAll(String employeeName);
5) Dao接口实现
6)Service接口设计
IAdminService.java 管理员模块
void register(Admin admin);
Admin login(Admin admin);
7)Service接口实现
8) Action实现
EmployeeAction.java 员工模块
AdminAction.java 管理员模块
9)jsp页面
Index.jsp/list.jsp 首页列表
优化部分：
10) 用户登陆拦截器
UserInterceptor.java 检查是否登陆
只有登陆才能操作； 否则只能查看
11) Dao 操作优化
BaseDao.java 所有dao的通用方法，dao都必须继承此类
(用到反射泛型)
实现步骤代码：
1) 设计数据库: hib_demo
CREATE TABLE t_admin( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, adminName VARCHAR(20), pwd VARCHAR(20) ) 表： t_dept/ t_employee
2) 建立web项目、引入jar文件、准备环境
【struts相关jar】 commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar commons-io-2.0.1.jar commons-lang3-3.1.jar freemarker-2.3.19.jar javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar ognl-3.0.5.jar struts2-core-2.3.4.1.jar xwork-core-2.3.4.1.jar 【hibernate 相关 jar】 antlr-2.7.6.jar commons-collections-3.1.jar dom4j-1.6.1.jar hibernate3.jar hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.0.Final.jar javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar jta-1.1.jar slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar 【Spring-core】 commons-logging-1.1.3.jar spring-beans-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-context-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-core-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 【Spring-web】 spring-web-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.4.1.jar 【Spring-Aop】 aopalliance.jar aspectjrt.jar aspectjweaver.jar spring-aop-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 【Spring-orm】 c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar spring-orm-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-tx-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-jdbc-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
3) 设计javabean、写映射
public class Admin { private int id; private String adminName; private String pwd; }
Admin.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.entity"> <class name="Admin" table="t_admin"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="adminName" length="20"></property> <property name="pwd" length="20"></property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
public class Dept { private int id; private String name; }
Dept.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.entity"> <class name="Dept" table="t_dept"> <id name="id" column="deptId"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="name" column="deptName"></property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
public class Employee { private int id; private String empName; private double salary; private Dept dept;
Employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.entity"> <class name="Employee" table="t_employee"> <id name="id" column="empId"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="empName"></property> <property name="salary"></property> <!-- 多对一 --> <many-to-one name="dept" column="dept_id" class="Dept" lazy="false"></many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
4) Dao接口设计
/** * 管理员模块dao接口 */ public interface IAdminDao { //保存 void save(Admin admin); //根据管理员信息查询 Admin findByAdmin(Admin admin); }
/** * 部门模块dao接口设计 */ public interface IDeptDao { // 查询全部 List<Dept> getAll(); //根据主键查询 Dept findById(int id); }
/** * 员工模块dao接口设计 */ public interface IEmployeeDao { //保存员工 void save(Employee emp); // 更新员工信息 void update(Employee emp); //根据主键删除 void delete(int id); //根据主键查询 Employee findById(int id); //查询全部 List<Employee> getAll(); //根据员工名称条件查询 List<Employee> getAll(String employeeName); }
5) Dao接口实现
public class AdminDao implements IAdminDao { // IOC容器(依赖)注入SessionFactory对象 private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } @Override public Admin findByAdmin(Admin admin) { return (Admin) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession()// .createQuery("from Admin where adminName=? and pwd=?")// .setString(0, admin.getAdminName())// .setString(1, admin.getPwd())// .uniqueResult(); } @Override public void save(Admin admin) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(admin); } }
public class DeptDao implements IDeptDao { // 容器注入 private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } @Override public Dept findById(int id) { return (Dept) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(Dept.class, id); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public List<Dept> getAll() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Dept").list(); } }
public class EmployeeDao implements IEmployeeDao { // 容器注入 private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } @Override public void delete(int id) { // HQL查询区分大小写： 对象/对象属性严格区分大小写 // 数据库关键字不区分 sessionFactory.getCurrentSession()// .createQuery("delete from Employee where id=?")// .setParameter(0, id)// .executeUpdate(); } @Override public Employee findById(int id) { return (Employee) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(Employee.class, id); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public List<Employee> getAll() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Employee").list(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public List<Employee> getAll(String employeeName) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession()// .createQuery("from Employee where empName like ?")// .setParameter(0, "%" +employeeName + "%")// .list(); } @Override public void save(Employee emp) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(emp); } @Override public void update(Employee emp) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(emp); } }
6) Service接口设计
。。。
7) Service接口实现
。。。
8) Action实现
/** * 员工模块控制器开发： * 1. 员工列表展示 * 2. 添加员工 * 3. 修改员工信息 * 5. 删除 */ public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Employee>, RequestAware{ /*******一、封装数据********/ private Employee employee = new Employee(); // 【模型驱动】 // 封装请求的部门id(下拉列表的实际的值) private int deptId; public void setEmployee(Employee employee) { this.employee = employee; } public Employee getEmployee() { return employee; } public void setDeptId(int deptId) { this.deptId = deptId; } public int getDeptId() { return deptId; } @Override public Employee getModel() { return employee; // 返回实例化后的对象 } /*******二、注入员工Service********/ private IEmployeeService employeeService; public void setEmployeeService(IEmployeeService employeeService) { this.employeeService = employeeService; } // 部门Service private IDeptService deptService; public void setDeptService(IDeptService deptService) { this.deptService = deptService; } /** * 1. 员工列表展示 */ public String list() { // 查询所有员工 List<Employee> listEmp = employeeService.getAll(); // 保存到request request.put("listEmp", listEmp); return "list"; } /** * 2. 添加员工 - 进入添加页面 */ public String viewAdd(){ // 查询所有部门信息, 保存到request List<Dept> listDept = deptService.getAll(); request.put("listDept", listDept); return "add"; } /** * 2. 添加员工 - 添加员工数据 */ public String save(){ // 先根据部门主键查询 Dept dept = deptService.findById(deptId); // 设置到员工对象中 employee.setDept(dept); // 调用Service，保存员工 employeeService.save(employee); return "listAction"; // 重定向到Action } /** * 3. 修改员工信息 - 进入修改视图 */ public String viewUpdate(){ // 获取要修改的记录的id int id = employee.getId(); // 1. 根据员工的主键查询 (lazy="false") Employee emp = employeeService.findById(id); // 已经有部门信息 // 2. 查询所有的部门 List<Dept> listDept = deptService.getAll(); // 数据回显 ValueStack vs = ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack(); vs.pop();// 移除栈顶元素 vs.push(emp); // 入栈 // 保存 request.put("listDept", listDept); return "edit"; } /** * 4. 修改员工信息 - 确认修改 */ public String update() { //1. 先根据部门id， 查询部门对象; 再设置到员工属性中 Dept dept = deptService.findById(deptId); employee.setDept(dept); //2. 更新员工 employeeService.update(employee); return "listAction"; // 重定向到列表 } /** * 5. 修改员工信息 - 删除 */ public String delete(){ // 获取要删除员工的主键 int empId = employee.getId(); // 调用service删除 employeeService.delete(empId); return "listAction"; } // 接收框架运行时候传入的代表request对象的map private Map<String, Object> request; @Override public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) { this.request = request; } }
=================================配置文件==========================
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- struts2配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <package name="emp" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 全局视图 --> <global-results> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <!-- 错误视图配置 --> <result name="null">/error/null.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error/error.jsp</result> </global-results> <!-- 全局异常 --> <global-exception-mappings> <!-- result 会取找全局视图的名称 --> <exception-mapping result="null" exception="java.lang.NullPointerException"></exception-mapping> <exception-mapping result="error" exception="java.lang.Exception"></exception-mapping> </global-exception-mappings> <!-- Ation实例交给spring容器创建 --> <action name="emp_*" class="employeeAction" method="{1}"> <!-- 列表展示 --> <result name="list">/WEB-INF/list.jsp</result> <!-- 进入添加页面视图 --> <result name="add">/WEB-INF/add.jsp</result> <!-- 添加成功，进入列表 (防止刷新就多一条记录问题，所以用重定向) --> <result name="listAction" type="redirectAction">emp_list</result> <!-- 进入修改页面 --> <result name="edit">/WEB-INF/edit.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- 引入其他配置文件 --> <import resource="config/bean-base.xml"/> <import resource="config/bean-dao.xml"/> <import resource="config/bean-service.xml"/> <import resource="config/bean-action.xml"/> </beans>
bean-base.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- 1. 连接池实例 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hib_demo"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="6"></property> </bean> <!-- 2. Spring管理SessionFactory 【全部配置都写到spring中】 --> <!-- # 注入DataSource、 注入常用配置属性、映射配置属性 --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:cn/itcast/entity/*.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 3. 事务相关配置 --> <!-- 3.1 事务管理器类 --> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- 3.2 事务增强(如何管理事务)--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" read-only="false"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 3.3 Aop配置 = 切入点表达式(拦截目标对象，生成代理) + 事务增强应用--> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* cn.itcast.service.impl.*.*(..))" id="pt"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt"/> </aop:config> </beans>
bean-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- Dao 注入 SessionFactory --> <bean id="adminDao" class="cn.itcast.dao.impl.AdminDao"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <bean id="deptDao" class="cn.itcast.dao.impl.DeptDao"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <bean id="employeeDao" class="cn.itcast.dao.impl.EmployeeDao"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> </beans>
bean-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- Service 需要注入 Dao --> <bean id="adminService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.AdminService"> <property name="adminDao" ref="adminDao"></property> </bean> <bean id="deptService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.DeptService"> <property name="deptDao" ref="deptDao"></property> </bean> <bean id="employeeService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.EmployeeService"> <property name="employeeDao" ref="employeeDao"></property> </bean> </beans>
bean-action.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- Action中需要注入Service --> <!-- 1. 员工管理模块 --> <bean id="employeeAction" class="cn.itcast.action.EmployeeAction"> <property name="employeeService" ref="employeeService"></property> <property name="deptService" ref="deptService"></property> </bean> </beans>
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