本文与大家共同讨论与分享ORACLE SQL的一些常用经典查询,欢迎大家补充,同时你认为有那些经典的也可分享出来。在本文中,对每一个问题,你要是认为有什么更好的解决方法也欢迎你及时提出。交流与分享才能共同进步嘛,感谢!
接上四篇:
[推荐]ORACLE SQL:经典查询练手第一篇
[推荐]ORACLE SQL:经典查询练手第二篇
[推荐]ORACLE SQL:经典查询练手第三篇
[推荐]ORACLE SQL:经典查询练手第四篇
本篇数据查询属于复杂业务,难度比较高,请继续努力,通过我为大家设立的这个系列,循序渐进,只要你对每一篇,每一个试题都实践测试,认真练习。我相信你对常用、经典的、复杂的SQL已能熟能生巧,信手拈来!
本文使用ORACLE自带的人力资源(HR)实例数据,本文所用表结构如下:
表名:REGIONS
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | REGION_ID | NUMBER |
|
|
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | REGION_NAME | VARCHAR2 | 25 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
表名:COUNTRIES
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | COUNTRY_ID | CHAR | 2 |
|
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | COUNTRY_NAME | VARCHAR2 | 40 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
3 | REGION_ID | NUMBER |
|
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
表名:LOCATIONS
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | LOCATION_ID | NUMBER | 4 | 0 |
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | STREET_ADDRESS | VARCHAR2 | 40 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
3 | POSTAL_CODE | VARCHAR2 | 12 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
4 | CITY | VARCHAR2 | 30 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
5 | STATE_PROVINCE | VARCHAR2 | 25 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
6 | COUNTRY_ID | CHAR | 2 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
表名:DEPARTMENTS
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | DEPARTMENT_ID | NUMBER | 4 | 0 |
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | DEPARTMENT_NAME | VARCHAR2 | 30 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
3 | MANAGER_ID | NUMBER | 6 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
4 | LOCATION_ID | NUMBER | 4 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
表名:JOBS
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | JOB_ID | VARCHAR2 | 10 |
|
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | JOB_TITLE | VARCHAR2 | 35 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
3 | MIN_SALARY | NUMBER | 6 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
4 | MAX_SALARY | NUMBER | 6 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
表名:EMPLOYEES
序号 | 列名 | 数据类型 | 长度 | 小数位 | 标识 | 主键 | 允许空 | 默认值 | 说明 |
1 | EMPLOYEE_ID | NUMBER | 6 | 0 |
| 是 | 否 |
|
|
2 | FIRST_NAME | VARCHAR2 | 20 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
3 | LAST_NAME | VARCHAR2 | 25 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
4 | | VARCHAR2 | 25 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
5 | PHONE_NUMBER | VARCHAR2 | 20 |
|
|
| 是 |
|
|
6 | HIRE_DATE | DATE | 7 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
7 | JOB_ID | VARCHAR2 | 10 |
|
|
| 否 |
|
|
8 | SALARY | NUMBER | 8 | 2 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
9 | COMMISSION_PCT | NUMBER | 2 | 2 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
10 | MANAGER_ID | NUMBER | 6 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
11 | DEPARTMENT_ID | NUMBER | 4 | 0 |
|
| 是 |
|
|
ER图:
用SQL完成以下问题列表:
2. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的领导是谁(非关联子查询)。
3. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 领导谁(非关联子查询)。
4. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 的领导是谁(关联子查询)。
5. Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME) 领导谁(关联子查询)。
6. 列出在同一部门共事,入职日期晚但工资高于其他同事的员工:名字、工资、入职日期
(关联子查询)。
7. 哪些员工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)不在同一个部门(非关联子查询)。
8. 哪些员工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)不在同一个部门(关联子查询)。
9. Finance部门有哪些职位(非关联子查询)。
10. Finance部门有哪些职位(关联子查询)。
各试题解答如下(欢迎大家指出不同的方法或建议!):
SQL > SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID, COUNT( *) FROM EMPLOYEES
2 GROUP BY DEPARTMENT_ID
3 HAVING COUNT( *) >
4 ( SELECT COUNT( *) FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = 90
6 );
DEPARTMENT_ID COUNT( *)
-- ----------- ----------
30 6
50 45
60 5
80 34
100 6
/* -------2、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的
领导是谁(非关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID =
4 ( SELECT MANAGER_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 );
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Steven King
/* -------3、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)领导谁(非关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE MANAGER_ID IN
4 ( SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 );
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares
-- 或者
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE MANAGER_ID =
4 ( SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 );
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares
/* -------4、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)的领导是谁(关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
3 WHERE EXISTS (
4 SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 AND EMP2.MANAGER_ID = EMP1.EMPLOYEE_ID);
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Steven King
/* -------5、Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)领导谁(关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
3 WHERE EXISTS (
4 SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 AND EMP2.EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP1.MANAGER_ID);
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Alexander Khoo
Shelli Baida
Sigal Tobias
Guy Himuro
Karen Colmenares
名字、工资、入职日期(关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME AS 姓名,
2 SALARY AS 工资,HIRE_DATE AS 入职日期
3 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
4 WHERE EXISTS (
5 SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
6 WHERE EMP2.DEPARTMENT_ID = EMP1.DEPARTMENT_ID
7 AND EMP1.HIRE_DATE > EMP2.HIRE_DATE
8 AND EMP1.SALARY > EMP2.SALARY
9 );
姓名 工资 入职日期
-- -------------------------------------------- ---------- -----------
Nancy Greenberg 12000.00 1994 - 8 - 17
Jose Manuel Urman 7800.00 1998 - 3 - 7
Shelli Baida 2900.00 1997 - 12 - 24
Adam Fripp 8200.00 1997 - 4 - 10
Matthew Weiss 8000.00 1996 - 7 - 18
Jennifer Dilly 3600.00 1997 - 8 - 13
Julia Dellinger 3400.00 1998 - 6 - 24
Laura Bissot 3300.00 1997 - 8 - 20
Kevin Mourgos 5800.00 1999 - 11 - 16
Shanta Vollman 6500.00 1997 - 10 - 10
Vance Jones 2800.00 1999 - 3 - 17
Anthony Cabrio 3000.00 1999 - 2 - 7
Girard Geoni 2800.00 2000 - 2 - 3
Douglas Grant 2600.00 2000 - 1 - 13
Donald OConnell 2600.00 1999 - 6 - 21
Randall Perkins 2500.00 1999 - 12 - 19
Martha Sullivan 2500.00 1999 - 6 - 21
Kevin Feeney 3000.00 1998 - 5 - 23
Alana Walsh 3100.00 1998 - 4 - 24
Samuel McCain 3200.00 1998 - 7 - 1
Timothy Gates 2900.00 1998 - 7 - 11
Jean Fleaur 3100.00 1998 - 2 - 23
Winston Taylor 3200.00 1998 - 1 - 24
Michael Rogers 2900.00 1998 - 8 - 26
Britney Everett 3900.00 1997 - 3 - 3
Kelly Chung 3800.00 1997 - 6 - 14
Alexis Bull 4100.00 1997 - 2 - 20
Randall Matos 2600.00 1998 - 3 - 15
John Seo 2700.00 1998 - 2 - 12
Stephen Stiles 3200.00 1997 - 10 - 26
Mozhe Atkinson 2800.00 1997 - 10 - 30
Irene Mikkilineni 2700.00 1998 - 9 - 28
Julia Nayer 3200.00 1997 - 7 - 16
Hazel Philtanker 2200.00 2000 - 2 - 6
Ki Gee 2400.00 1999 - 12 - 12
Steven Markle 2200.00 2000 - 3 - 8
Sarah Bell 4000.00 1996 - 2 - 4
Nandita Sarchand 4200.00 1996 - 1 - 27
Lisa Ozer 11500.00 1997 - 3 - 11
Clara Vishney 10500.00 1997 - 11 - 11
Eleni Zlotkey 10500.00 2000 - 1 - 29
Gerald Cambrault 11000.00 1999 - 10 - 15
Alberto Errazuriz 12000.00 1997 - 3 - 10
Tayler Fox 9600.00 1998 - 1 - 24
Harrison Bloom 10000.00 1998 - 3 - 23
Danielle Greene 9500.00 1999 - 3 - 19
Charles Johnson 7211.00 2000 - 1 - 4
Mattea Marvins 7200.00 2000 - 1 - 24
Ellen Abel 11000.00 1996 - 5 - 11
Karen Partners 13500.00 1997 - 1 - 5
John Russell 14000.00 1996 - 10 - 1
Peter Tucker 10000.00 1997 - 1 - 30
David Bernstein 9500.00 1997 - 3 - 24
Jonathon Taylor 8600.00 1998 - 3 - 24
Alyssa Hutton 8800.00 1997 - 3 - 19
Peter Hall 9000.00 1997 - 8 - 20
Jack Livingston 8000.00 1998 - 4 - 23
Christopher Olsen 8000.00 1998 - 3 - 30
Elizabeth Bates 7300.00 1999 - 3 - 24
William Smith 7400.00 1999 - 2 - 23
Nanette Cambrault 7500.00 1998 - 12 - 9
61 rows selected
/* -------7、哪些员工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)
不在同一个部门(非关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID <>
4 ( SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 );
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
Bruce Ernst
David Austin
Valli Pataballa
-- 等等
-- 或者
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID NOT IN
4 ( SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
5 WHERE FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
6 AND LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely '
7 );
/* -------8、哪些员工跟Den(FIRST_NAME)、Raphaely(LAST_NAME)
不在同一个部门(关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME
2 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP1
3 WHERE NOT EXISTS (
4 SELECT 1 FROM EMPLOYEES EMP2
5 WHERE EMP1.DEPARTMENT_ID = EMP2.DEPARTMENT_ID
6 AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME = ' Den '
7 AND EMP2.LAST_NAME = ' Raphaely ');
FIRST_NAME || '' ||LAST_NAME
-- --------------------------------------------
Kimberely Grant
Lex De Haan
Neena Kochhar
Steven King
Pat Fay
Michael Hartstein
Diana Lorentz
Valli Pataballa
-- 等等
/* -------9、Finance部门有哪些职位(非关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
2 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = (
3 SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM DEPARTMENTS
4 WHERE DEPARTMENT_NAME = ' Finance ');
JOB_ID
-- --------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR
-- 或者
SQL > SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
2 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID IN (
3 SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM DEPARTMENTS
4 WHERE DEPARTMENT_NAME = ' Finance ');
JOB_ID
-- --------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR
/* -------10、Finance部门有哪些职位(关联子查询)。--------- */
SQL > SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
2 WHERE EXISTS(
3 SELECT 1 FROM DEPARTMENTS
4 WHERE EMPLOYEES.DEPARTMENT_ID = DEPARTMENTS.DEPARTMENT_ID
5 AND DEPARTMENTS.DEPARTMENT_NAME = ' Finance ');
JOB_ID
-- --------
FI_ACCOUNT
FI_MGR