使用命令行工具mysqlimport导入数据

Usage: mysqlimport [OPTIONS] database textfile…

默认从以下路径中文件读取默认参数

/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

1、常用选项：

–fields-terminated-by=“字符串”：设置字符串为字段之间的分隔符，可以为单个或多个字符。默认值为制表符“\t”。

-L, --local：表示从客户端任意路径读取文件导入表中，未设置该选项时，默认只从datadir下同名数据库目录下读取文件导入

–ignore-lines=n：表示可以忽略前n行。

-l, --lock-tables：写入时锁定所有表

-p, --password[=name]：指定用户密码

-u, --user=name：指定登入MySQL用户名

-h, --host=name：指定远程连接的服务器

-c, --columns=name：往表里导入指定字段，如：–columns=‘Name,Age,Gender’

-C, --compress：在客户端和服务器之间启用压缩传递所有信息

其它可用选项和默认参数设置可以使用mysqlimport -help查询

2、用法示例：

例1：基本用法

mysql> create table classes3 like classes;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes3.sql --fields-terminated-by="|"

hellodb.classes3: Records: 10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from classes3;

±--------±---------------±---------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

±--------±---------------±---------+

| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |

| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |

| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |

| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |

| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

±--------±---------------±---------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例2：指定–local选项，可以从本机任意路径导入数据

mysql> create table classes2 likeclasses;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec):

[root@www tmp]# cp classes2.sql /tmp

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb /tmp/classes2.sql

hellodb.classes2: Records: 10 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from classes2;

±--------±---------------±---------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

±--------±---------------±---------+

| 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 |

| 2 | Emei Pai | 7 |

| 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 |

| 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 |

| 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 |

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 |

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

±--------±---------------±---------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例3：未指定–local选项，无法从my.cnf中定义的其它路径中往表里导入数据

mysql> delete from classes2;

Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec)

[root@www ~]# head /tmp/classes2.sql -n 3

1 ShaolinPai 10

2 EmeiPai 7

3 QingChengPai 11

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u root hellodb/tmp/classes2.sql

mysqlimport: Error: 29, File '/tmp/classes2.sql’not found (Errcode: 13), when using table: classes2

例4：未指定–local选项，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入表中，必须指定绝对路径。

mysql> delete from students1;

Query OK, 27 rows affected (2.60 sec)

[root@www tmp]# sed 's/\t/|/g’students.sql> students1.sql

[root@www tmp]# head -n 2 students1.sql

1|Shi Zhongyu|22|M|2|3

2|Shi Potian|22|M|1|7

[root@www tmp]# cd

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

mysqlimport: Error: 13, Can’t get stat of’/var/lib/mysql/hellodb/students1.sql’ (Errcode: 2), when using table:students1

未设置–local选项时，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb /var/lib/mysql/tmp/students1.sql–fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

例5：数据库存放表目录下同名文件导入表中，只需指定文件名

mysql> delete from students1;

Query OK, 27 rows affected (0.47 sec)

[root@www ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/

[root@www hellodb]# cp …/tmp/students1.sql.

将数据移到hellodb目录下，成功导入数据

[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 27 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

–fields-terminated="|"：指定字段分隔符

mysql> select * from students1 limit5,3;

±------±----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

±------±----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |

| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |

| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |

±------±----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例6：忽略前5行数据导入表中

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes2.sql --ignore-lines=5

hellodb.classes2: Records: 5 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

–ignore-lines=n：指定忽略前n行

mysql> select * from classes2;

±--------±-------------±---------+

| ClassID | Class | NumOfStu |

±--------±-------------±---------+

| 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 |

| 7 | Ming Jiao | 27|

| 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 |

| 9 | HuaShan Pai | 32 |

| 10 | Fuwei Biaoju | 19 |

±--------±-------------±---------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例7：往非空表中导入数据

[root@www hellodb]# >students1.sql

[root@www hellodb]# vim students1.sql

[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 6 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

[root@www hellodb]# more students1.sql

|Meng Qi D|17|M|2|3

|SuoLong|22|M|1|7

|Xiang Kesi|43|M|2|16

|KaiDuo|52|M|4|4

|JoBa|12|M|3|1

|Nami|18|F|4|1

[root@www hellodb]#

mysql> select * from students1 limit27,6;

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| 28 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | 2 | 3 |

| 29 | SuoLong | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |

| 30 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | 2 | 16 |

| 31 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | 4 | 4 |

| 32 | JoBa | 12 | M | 3 | 1 |

| 33 | Nami | 18 | F | 4 | 1 |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

6 rows in set (0.17 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from students1 ;

±---------+

| count(*) |

±---------+

| 33 |

±---------+

1 row in set (0.03 sec)

数据会追加在表后

例8、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段

mysql> drop table students1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.89 sec)

mysql> create table students1 likestudents;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.57 sec)

[root@test mysql]# more /tmp/students1.sql

Meng Qi D|17|M

SuoLong|22|M

Xiang Kesi|43|M

KaiDuo|52|M

JoBa|12|M|

Nami|18|F|

Luo Bing|25|F

Wu Suopu|20|M

[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local --fields-terminated-by=’|’ ‘/tmp/students1.sql’–columns=‘Name,Age,Gender’

hellodb.students1: Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

–columns=‘Name,Age,Gender’：指定导入那些字段

-h 192.168.88.131：指定远程登录主机名

mysql> select * from students1;

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| 1 | Meng Qi D | 17 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 2 | SuoLong | 22 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 43 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 4 | KaiDuo | 52 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 5 | JoBa | 12 | M | NULL | NULL |

| 6 | Nami | 18 | F | NULL | NULL |

| 7 | Luo Bing | 25 | F | NULL | NULL |

| 8 | Wu Suopu | 20 | M | NULL | NULL |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

例9、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段，采用压缩传递数据的形式

mysql> drop table students1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.75 sec)

mysql> create table students1 likestudents;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.66 sec)

[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local -C --fields-terminated-by=’|’ ‘/tmp/students1.sql’–columns=‘Name,ClassID,Gender’

hellodb.students1: Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

-C：指定压缩方式传递数据

mysql> select * from students1;

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

| 1 | Meng Qi D | 0 | M | 17 | NULL |

| 2 | SuoLong | 0 | M | 22 | NULL |

| 3 | Xiang Kesi | 0 | M | 43 | NULL |

| 4 | KaiDuo | 0 | M | 52 | NULL |

| 5 | JoBa | 0 | M | 12 | NULL |

| 6 | Nami | 0 | F | 18 | NULL |

| 7 | Luo Bing | 0 | F | 25 | NULL |

| 8 | Wu Suopu | 0 | M | 20 | NULL |

±------±-----------±----±-------±--------±----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)