Java 为什么更改equals必须同时更改hashcode

1.从源码角度，hashcode源码上面的注解，即官方规定的需要这样做。

从下面的注释中可以得出以下几点重要信息:

1.如果两个对象通过equals方法比较返回true, 那么这两个对象的hashcode()方法返回值也必须一样.
2.如果用于equals中比较的信息在运行时没有被改变, 那么该对象的hashcode()方法在每次被调用时的返回值应该是相同的.
3.hashcode()返回的hashcode不一定要每次都一致 (比如说用于equals方法中的信息在运行时发生了变化, 那么hashcode应该也会做出相应的变化)
4.不要求两个equals不等的对象, hashcode也要不同. 即允许两个不equals的对象, 有相同的hashcode. 不过, 如果equals不同的对象, hashcode也不同的话, 可能提高hash table (这里应该是泛指使用了哈希的数据结构) 的性能. (本文后面会讲为什么可能提高性能).

  /**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
     * supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
     * {@link java.util.HashMap}.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
     *     an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
     *     used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application.
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result.
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @implSpec
     * As far as is reasonably practical, the {@code hashCode} method defined
     * by class {@code Object} returns distinct integers for distinct objects.
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.lang.System#identityHashCode
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public native int hashCode();

仅仅根据第一条，equals相同，hashcode必须相同，就需要满足更改equals必须更改hashcode才能满足第一条

2.从set集合说起

set是根据key对象的hashcode来区分不同的key的，也就是key对象的内容相同（更改equals之后，equals想同的情况下，但是没有更改hashcode）这时的对象的hashcode没有更改，所以hashcode是不同的，所以set会存储两个一样的对象，这也违背的set的设计，所以修改equals必须修改hashcode