参考
https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/android/os/Handler?hl=zh-cn
https://www.imooc.com/learn/267
Handler 是什么
Handler是 Android 给我们提供用来更新 UI
的一套机制,也是一套消息处理
的机制, 我们可以发送消息,也可以通过它处理消息。
为什么使用 Handler
Android 在设计的时候,就封装了一套消息创建、传递、处理机制,如果不遵循这样的机制的话,就没有办法更新 UI 信息的,就会抛出异常信息。
使用 Handler
1、使用 Handler 的 post() 及 postDelayed() 方法在 Runnable 中处理 UI 的更新操作
2、使用 Handler 的 sendMessage() 方法发送 可以携带 自定义对象 的 Message 对象
3、使用 Handler.Callback 来对 sendMessage() 方法做回调处理
示例代码如下,有时间会更新到码云,打tag
package liujinliang.natappvip.cc.handlerdemo;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private static final String EXCEPTION_MESSAGE = "我们将在子线程(非UI线程)中做更新操作,这里应该是会抛出异常的";
// Initialize btn for handler callback
private Button button;
// The message tell you wheather doing the child thread
private TextView textView;
// panner container
private ImageView imageView;
// panner thread
ImageShowRunnable imageShowRunnable = new ImageShowRunnable();
// Set up Handler
Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
textView.setText("" + msg.arg1);
}
};
// Set up another Handler
Handler handlerCallback = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "I'm OK!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return false;
}
}){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "I'm OK, and you?", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
// initial image source
private int[] images = {R.drawable.cherry_pic, R.drawable.banana_pic, };
// initial the current image index
private int index = 0;
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
handlerCallback.sendEmptyMessage(1);
}
class ImageShowRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// show image one by one
imageView.setImageResource(images[index++ % 2]);
handler.postDelayed(imageShowRunnable, 2000);
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Set up btn
button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_handler_callback);
button.setOnClickListener(this);
// Set up TextView
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_view);
// Set up ImageView
imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image_view);
// The Runnable to set image resource to imageView by android.os.Handler.postDelayed(java.lang.Runnable, long)
handler.postDelayed(imageShowRunnable, 1000);
// The Runnable to set text to text view by android.os.Handler.post()
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
handler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
textView.setText(EXCEPTION_MESSAGE);
}
});
}
}).start();
// The Runnable to set text to text view by android.os.Handler.sendMessage
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Message message = new Message();
message.arg1 = 88;
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
}).start();
}
}
Handler 原理
Android 为什么 设计 Handler 机制来更新 UI 呢
1、避免多线程同时更新界面导致混乱
2、避免加锁机制导致更新UI性能下降
出于以上目的,Android 给我们提供了一套更新UI的机制,我们遵循这个机制就可以了 不用再关心多线程问题,所有更新 UI 的操作,都将在住现成的消息队列中去轮询完成
Handler 消息传递机制
Handler 负责发送消息,Looper 负责接收 Handler 发送的消息,并直接把消息回传给 Hanler 自己,MessageQueue 就是一个存储消息的容器
Handler 负责 消息的 发送 与 处理,Looper 只不过是决定让 Handler 什么时候去做,Looper 的可选范围就是 MessageQuesue
自定义与线程相关的 Handler
Log
08-21 06:00:23.721 8553-8553/? I/Gene: UI Thread ID = 1
08-21 06:00:23.721 8553-8566/? I/Gene: Child Thread ID = 99
source code
package liujinliang.natappvip.cc.handlerdemo;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
public class HandlerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Handler handler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.i("Gene", "UI Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
return false;
}
});
class HandlerDivThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
Log.i("Gene", "Child Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
};
handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
Looper.loop();
}
}
private HandlerDivThread handlerDivThread;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_handler);
// Child Thread handler
handlerDivThread = new HandlerDivThread();
handlerDivThread.start();
// Main Thread handler
handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
}
}
更新UI的四种方式
package liujinliang.natappvip.cc.handlerdemo;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class EditUiActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private final Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
textView.setText("Gene_Liu");
}
};
private TextView textView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_edit_ui);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// handler.post(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// textView.setText("Liujinliang");
// }
// });
// handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
// runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// textView.setText("Liujinliang_Gene_Liu");
// }
// });
textView.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
textView.setText("LJL");
}
});
}
}).start();
}
}