Android N 拍照与图片选择总结

前言
拍照图片选择是个老生常谈的问题,每次都会花不少时间解决,虽然现在框架非常丰富,以前也都是一带而过,印象并不深刻,但是碍于维护项目不想大改,这里就做一个笔记,涉及内容还是很多的,尤其是拍照时的临时文件不能重名,这个BUG算是试出来的,没有找参考文献。
申明
fileprovider

 <provider
            android:name=".YourFileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.proginn.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
        </provider>

FileProvider 自定义一个,避免冲突

package com.xiaomakj.db;

import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;

public class YourFileProvider extends FileProvider {
}

共享说明 网上对这个说明不是很到位

  1. external-path 说明是SD卡路径
  2. path ="." 说明是整个SD卡,比如你只想共享/sdcard/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2020-11-16-21-57-11-82_ae13a9d158c6e5c927015456b627b01c.jpg 可以写成DCIM/Screenshots/
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <external-path
        name="external-path"
        path="."/>
    <root-path
        name="name"
        path="."/>
</resources>

这里推荐一个 腾讯IM的file_paths_public,直接拿去用吧,全共享,一步到位。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
    <!--内置SD卡 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .表示共享所有的目录,也可以指定共享的目录-->
    <external-path
        name="external-path"
        path="."/>
    <!--内置SD卡 Context.getExternalCacheDir() .表示共享所有的目录,也可以指定共享的目录-->
    <external-cache-path
        name="external-cache-path"
        path="."/>
    <!--内置SD卡 Context.getExternalFilesDir(null) .表示共享所有的目录,也可以指定共享的目录-->
    <external-files-path
        name="external-files-path"
        path="."/>
    <!--data目录下 Context.getFilesDir() .表示共享所有的目录,也可以指定共享的目录-->
    <files-path
        name="files_path"
        path="."/>
    <!--data缓存目录 Context.getCacheDir() .表示共享所有的目录,也可以指定共享的目录-->
    <cache-path
        name="cache-path"
        path="."/>
    <!--这个标签Android官方文档中是没有提及,Android设备的根目录,该目录下包含着手机内部存储器,外置SD卡等所有文件的目录-->
    <root-path
        name="name"
        path="."/>
</paths>

定义

public class ImageProcess {


    public static final int intent_request_code_camera = 1;
    public static final int intent_request_code_album = 2;
    public static final int intent_request_code_tallor = 3;

    public static final String AVATAR_NAME = "acatar.jpg";
    public static final String TEMP_PIC_NAME = "temp.jpg";

    private FragmentActivity mActivity;
    private ListDialogFragment listDialogFragment;

 /**
     * 下载下来的图片的缓存地址
     */
    public static String PATH_CACHE_IMAGE = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/Demo/cache/image/";
    public static String PATH_AVATER = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/Demo/avater/";
    private File cacheImageFile;
    private File avaterFile;

    public File getAvaterFile() {
        return makeFile(PATH_AVATER);
    }

    public  File getCacheImageFile() {
        return makeFile(PATH_CACHE_IMAGE);
    }

    private  File makeFile(String path) {
        File file = new File(path);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        return file;
    }
	 public  void takePicture(FragmentActivity activity, Runnable runnable) {
        PermissionUtil.requestPermission(activity, runnable, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ToastHelper.toast("请开启相机权限");
            }
        }, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
    }
    private int outputX = 200;
    private int outputY = 200;

    public ImageProcess(FragmentActivity mActivity) {
        this.mActivity = mActivity;
    }

    public void setOutput(int outputX, int outputY) {
        this.outputX = outputX;
        this.outputY = outputY;
    }
 

    /**
     * 拍照选择
     */
    @SuppressLint("CheckResult")
    private void CameraSelect() {
        takePicture(mActivity, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Intent openCameraIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
                // 下面这句指定调用相机拍照后的照片存储的路径
                createTime++;
                final File file = createTempFile();
                if (file == null) {
                    com.cjoe.utils.ToastHelper.toast("无法创建图片文件,请确保开启了 SD 卡权限");
                    return;
                }
//                Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
//                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
//                mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, ImageProcess.intent_request_code_camera);


                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
                    Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
                    openCameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
                    mActivity.startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent,
                            ImageProcess.intent_request_code_camera);
                } else {
                    //适配Android7.0
                    ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(1);
                    contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, file.getAbsolutePath());
                    Uri uri = mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues);
//                    mActivity.grantUriPermission(mActivity.getPackageName(), uri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_PERSISTABLE_URI_PERMISSION);
                    openCameraIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
                    openCameraIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
                    openCameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
                    mActivity.startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent, ImageProcess.intent_request_code_camera);
                }

            }
        });
    }

    static int createTime = (int) (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()/1000);

    private File createTempFile() {

        final File imageFile = getTempFile();
        try {
            if (!imageFile.exists()) imageFile.createNewFile();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return imageFile;
    }

    public File getTempFile() {

        return new File( getAvaterFile(), createTime + "_" + TEMP_PIC_NAME);
    }

    private File createAvatarFile() {
        final File imageFile = getAvatarFile();
        try {
            if (!imageFile.exists()) imageFile.createNewFile();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return imageFile;
    }

    private File getAvatarFile() {
        return new File( getAvaterFile(), AVATAR_NAME);
    }

    /**
     * 相册选择
     */
    private void AlbumsSelect() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        
        intent.setType("image/*");
        mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, ImageProcess.intent_request_code_album);
    }

    /**
     * 裁剪图片方法实现
     *
     * @param uri
     */
    private void startPhotoZoom(Uri uri) {
       
        final File file = createAvatarFile();
        if (file == null) {
            ToastHelper.toast("无法创建图片文件,请确保开启了 SD 卡权限");
            return;
        }
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
///storage/emulated/0/Proginn/avatertemp.jpg    /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2020-11-13-23-42-28-83.jpg     content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image%3A763
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            Uri newUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivity, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider", new File(FileUtil.getPath(mActivity, uri)));
            intent.setDataAndType(newUri, "image/*");
        } else {
            intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");
        }

        // 下面这个crop=true是设置在开启的Intent中设置显示的VIEW可裁剪
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
        // aspectX aspectY 是宽高的比例
        intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
        intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
        // outputX outputY 是裁剪图片宽高
        intent.putExtra("outputX", outputX);
        intent.putExtra("outputY", outputY);
        intent.putExtra("return-data", false);

        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(file));
//        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, getUriForFile(mActivity, file));

        try {
            mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, ImageProcess.intent_request_code_tallor);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Toast.makeText(mActivity, "无法打开裁切 " + e.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Log.i("ImageProcess", "---------------------------" + e.toString());
        }
    }


    public void activityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case ImageProcess.intent_request_code_album:
                if (data != null && data.getData() != null) {
                    startPhotoZoom(data.getData());
                }
                break;
            case ImageProcess.intent_request_code_camera:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    startPhotoZoom(Uri.fromFile(getTempFile()));
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 图片裁剪之后在onActivityResult中调用
     *
     * @param data
     * @return
     */
    public Bitmap activityResult(Intent data) {

        if (data != null) {
            try {
                Uri uri = data.getData();
                if (uri == null) {
                    // 高版本上上述 uri 为 null
                    uri = Uri.fromFile(getAvatarFile());
                }
                InputStream inputStream = mActivity.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
                return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public Uri getUriForFile(Context context, File file) {
        if (context == null || file == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        Uri uri;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
            uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context.getApplicationContext(),
                    BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider", file);
        } else {
            uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
        }
        return uri;
    }
}

使用 在Activity中使用

ImageProcess  imageProcess = new ImageProcess(this);
 imageProcess.setOutput(300, 186);

回调

   @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case ImageProcess.intent_request_code_album:
//                setImage(imageProcess.getBitmap(data), type);
                imageProcess.activityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
                break;
            case ImageProcess.intent_request_code_camera:
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    imageProcess.activityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
//                    setImage(imageProcess.getBitmap(data), type);
                }
                break;
            case ImageProcess.intent_request_code_tallor:
                imageProcess.activityResult(data);
                /*注意 此处已经是一张bitmap了  保存还是回显自己决定*/
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

关于文件路径得获取方法 这边建议直接搜索FileUtil 或者去github上找AndroidUtil,RXUtil等优秀得轮子。

/**
     * 专为Android4.4以上设计的从Uri获取文件路径
     */
    public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;

        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {

                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }

                // TODO handle non-primary volumes
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {

                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                if (id.startsWith("raw:")) {
                    final String path = id.replaceFirst("raw:", "");
                    return path;
                }
                String[] contentUriPrefixesToTry = new String[]{
                        "content://downloads/public_downloads",
                        "content://downloads/my_downloads",
                        "content://downloads/all_downloads"
                };

                for (String contentUriPrefix : contentUriPrefixesToTry) {
                    Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse(contentUriPrefix), Long.valueOf(id));
                    try {
                        String path = getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
                        if (path != null) {
                            return path;
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

                // 在某些android8+的手机上,无法获取路径,所以用拷贝的方式,获取新文件名,然后把文件发出去
                String fileName = getFileName(context, uri);
                File cacheDir = getDocumentCacheDir(context);
                File file = generateFileName(fileName, cacheDir);
                String destinationPath = null;
                if (file != null) {
                    destinationPath = file.getAbsolutePath();
                    saveFileFromUri(context, uri, destinationPath);
                }

                return destinationPath;
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {

                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }

                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }

        return null;
    }

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