C++进阶 模板与代码分离

代码分离

demo.h

class CComplex                                              //定义复数类
{
    double m_fReal, m_fImag;//成员变量
public:
    CComplex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : m_fReal(r), m_fImag(i) {}            //构造函数
    double GetReal() { return m_fReal; }//成员函数，返回复数的实部
    double GetImag() { return m_fImag; }//成员函数，返回复数的虚部
    CComplex operator +(CComplex&);                         //重载运算符＋
    CComplex operator +(double);                                //重载运算符＋
};

demo.cpp

#include "test.h"

void main()//主函数
{
    CComplex c1(2.3,5.5),c2(3.6,6.8),c3;//复数类对象
    test().showResult(c1,c2,c3);

}
CComplex CComplex::operator + (CComplex &c)             //重载运算符＋，实现两个复数的加法
{
    CComplex temp;
    temp.m_fReal = m_fReal + c.m_fReal;
    temp.m_fImag = m_fImag + c.m_fImag;
    return temp;
}
CComplex CComplex::operator + (double d)                //重载运算符＋，实现复数与实数的加法
{
    CComplex temp;
    temp.m_fReal = m_fReal + d;
    temp.m_fImag = m_fImag;
    return temp;
}

test.h

#include"demo.h"
class test
{
public:
    virtual void showResult(CComplex c1, CComplex c2, CComplex c3);
    test();
    ~test();
};

test.cpp

#include "test.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void test::showResult(CComplex c1, CComplex c2, CComplex c3)
{
    cout << "使用重载的+运算符实现复数与复数的相加" << endl;
    cout << "C1 = " << c1.GetReal() << "+j" << c1.GetImag() << endl;
    cout << "C2 = " << c2.GetReal() << "+j" << c2.GetImag() << endl;
    c3 = c1 + c2;
    cout << "C3 = C1 + C2 =" << c3.GetReal() << "+j" << c3.GetImag() << endl;
    cout << "使用重载的+运算符实现复数与实数的相加" << endl;
    c3 = c3 + 6.5;
    cout << "C3 + 6.5 = " << c3.GetReal() << "+j" << c3.GetImag() << endl;
}
test::test()
{
}

test::~test()
{
}

其实一个cpp文件即可完成上面的代码，这里之所以分离出来是为了更好帮助大家理解C++。
1.h中基本都会有一个class对象，尽管可以不写，但是需要保持这个习惯：h中负责申明对象，和虚函数，然后在引用该h的cpp中实现该虚函数,切记h文件中不要自己申明自己实现。
2.尽量将class大写 这样和java比较像了

模板

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
template <class T>                                          //定义函数模板
T Min(T a, T b,T c)
{
    if(a<b)                                                 
        b=a;
    return b<c?b:c;                                         //返回b、c中的小值
}
int main()                                                  //主函数
{   
    cout<<"使用模板函数求不同类型数据的最小值"<<endl<<endl;
    int i1 = 2, i2 = 6, i3 = 4;
    double d1 = 3.4, d2 = 7.2, d3 = 3.39;
    string  str1("one"), str2("two"),str3("three");
    cout << " int类型："<<i1<<", "<<i2<<", "<<i3  <<"    最小值: " << Min(i1, i2, i3) << endl<<endl;                  //int型的最大值
    cout << " double类型：" <<d1<<", "<<d2<<", "<<d3 <<"    最小值:" << Min(d1, d2, d3) << endl<<endl;                //double型的最大值
    cout << " string类型：" <<str1<<", "<<str2<<", "<<str3 <<"    最小值:"<< Min(str1, str2, str3) << endl<<endl;         //string型的最大值
    return 0;
}

获取数组长度

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class T>
int getArrayLen(T &array)  /*使用模板定义一个函数getArrayLen,该函数将返回数组array的长度*/ {
    return (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]));

}