mysql 主从搭建

环境准备：

编号	ip	系统/MySQL版本	角色
1	192.168.1.120	CentOS7.3/5.6	master
2	192.168.1.119	CentOS7.3/5.6	slave

一、master节点

1、创建需要同步的数据库

mysql> create database test;
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table user(id int,name varchar(20));

2、停止数据库服务

systemctl stop mysqld.service

3、编辑my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin                 #启用二进制日志
server-id=1                       #本机数据库ID 标示

4、重启数据库服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

5、创建同步用户并授权

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO  'test'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> show master status; 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000011 |     1881 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7、将要同步的数据库导出，并发送给slave节点，复制前要保证同步的数据库一致

mysqldump  -uroot -p123456 test >test.sql    #可以导出数据库
scp test.sql  192.168.1.119:/root  

二、slave节点

1.连接数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、正常导入数据库，和主数据库服务器保持一致

mysql> source /root/test.sql

4.从服务器没必要开启bin-log日志，修改从服务器配置文件

mysql> systemctl stop mysqld.service
mysql> vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2   #从服务器ID号，不要和主ID相同 ，如果设置多个从服务器，
每个从服务器必须有一个唯一的server-id值，必须与主服务器的以及其它从
服务器的不相同。可以认为server-id值类似于IP地址：这些ID值能唯一识别
复制服务器群集中的每个服务器实例。
replicate-do-db=test        //要同步的test数据库,要同步多个数据库，就多加几个replicate-db-db=数据库名

5、停止slave服务，设置master节点ip，master_user同步用户和密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.120',master_user='test',master_password='123456';
mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.120
                  Master_User: test
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000013
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes  #负责与主机的io通信
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  #负责自己的slave mysql进程
              Replicate_Do_DB: test
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 623
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 7c1e4b2a-0488-11ea-85c0-000c2979f017
             Master_Info_File: /www/server/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0

三、maste节点

mysql> show processlist\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    4
Current database: test

*************************** 1. row ***************************
     Id: 2
   User: test
   Host: 192.168.1.109:52640
     db: test
Command: Sleep
   Time: 243
  State: 
   Info: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
     Id: 3
   User: test
   Host: 192.168.1.119:38402  #已链接
     db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
   Time: 159
  State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
   Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
     Id: 4
   User: root
   Host: localhost
     db: test
Command: Query
   Time: 0
  State: init
   Info: show processlist
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（2）同步测试插入数据测试同步：

mysql> select * from user;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | 446454 |
+----+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into user values(4,5);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | 446454 |
|  4 | 5      |
+----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四、slave节点验证数据是否同步

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| user           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from user;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | 446454 |
|  4 | 5      |
+----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)